Phytoplankton assemblage during the North Atlantic spring bloom assessed from functional gene analysis
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PROVIDER: PRJNA321123 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The spring bloom in the North Atlantic develops over a few weeks in response to the physical stabilization of the nutrient replete water column and is one of the biggest biological signals on earth. The composition of the phytoplankton assemblage during the spring bloom of 2008 was evaluated, using a microarray, on the basis of functional genes that encode key enzymes in nitrogen and carbon assimilation in eukaryotic and prokaryotic phytoplankton. Oligonucleotide archetype probes representing RuBisCO, nitrate reductase and nitrate transporter genes from major phytoplankton classes detected a diverse assemblage. For RuBisCO, the archetypes with strongest signals represented known phytoplankton groups, but for the nitrate related genes, the major signals were not closely related to any known phytoplankton sequences. Most of the assemblage's components exhibited consistent temporal/spatial patterns. Yet, the strongest archetype signals often showed quite different patterns, indicating different ecological responses by the main players. The most abundant phytoplankton genera identified previously by microscopy, however, were not well represented on the microarray. The lack of sequence data for well-studied species, and the inability to identify organisms associated with functional gene sequences in the environment, still limits our understanding of phytoplankton ecology even in this relatively well-studied system.
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Project description:Seasonal changes in nitrogen assimilation have been studied in the western English Channel by sampling at approximately weekly intervals for 12 months. Nitrate concentrations showed strong seasonal variations. Available nitrogen in the winter was dominated by nitrate but this was close to limit of detection from May to September, after the spring phytoplankton bloom. 15N uptake experiments showed that nitrate was the nitrogen source for the spring phytoplankton bloom but regenerated nitrogen supported phytoplankton productivity throughout the summer. The average annual f ratio was 0.35, which demonstrated the importance of ammonia regeneration in this dynamic temperate region. Nitrogen uptake rate measurements were related to the phytoplankton responsible by assessing the relative abundance of nitrate reductase (NR) genes and the expression of NR among eukaryotic phytoplankton. Strong signals were detected from NR sequences that are not associated with known phylotypes or cultures. NR sequences from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were highly represented in gene abundance and expression, and were significantly correlated with f ratio. The results demonstrate that analysis of functional genes provides additional information, and may be able to give better indications of which phytoplankton species are responsible for the observed seasonal changes in f ratio than microscopic phytoplankton identification. NR gene diversity from seawater (two replicates of 16 blocks per array, 8 replicate features per probe, duplicate arrays for some samples) The arrays contain three sets of probes for different applications (rbcL and nitrate reductase (NR) from phytoplankton, and amoA from ammonia oxidizing bacteria). The paper to which this submission relates, and the experiments reported in it, used only the NR probe set.
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Project description:These data are relative concentrations of targeted metabolites measured in particulate matter collected from near the Island of Hawai’i in July 2018 during the Kilauea eruption. Six stations were sampled, with station 2 representing the most geothermally impacted station closest to the lava entry. Station 6 was the most oligotrophic station. The particulate metabolites show evidence of altered community composition and metabolism at the geothermally impacted station. This station was within a phytoplankton bloom. The bloom was stimulated by lava heating deep seawater and driving upwelling, which then provided nutrients for diatom growth. See Wilson and Hawco, et. al. 2019 (DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4767) for a complete description of sample collection, phytoplankton bloom dynamics, and chemical modifications of seawater due to the eruption. Metabolites with high concentration (relative abundance per L of seawater) in the geothermally impacted station (St 2) compared to the other stations were: cytosine, hydroxyectoine, adenine, adenosine, thymine, glutamic acid, ectoine, deoxyadenosine, UDP-glucosamine, and guanosine. After normalizing to the particulate carbon concentration at each station, guanosine, glutamic acid, hydroxyectoine, ectoine, adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and UDP-glucosamine were enriched in the geothermally impacted station relative to other stations. Ectoine was the metabolite with the largest change between St 2 and St 6, regardless of normalization to L of seawater or to moles of particulate carbon, with dramatically higher concentrations in the geothermally impacted waters. Except for glutamic and proline, particulate amino acids were generally in higher concentrations in the oligotrophic station.
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Project description:A functional gene microarray was developed and used to investigate phytoplankton community composition and gene expression in the English Channel. Genes encoding the CO2 fixation enzyme RuBisCO (rbcL) and the nitrate assimilation enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) representing several major groups of phytoplankton were included as oligonucleotide probes on the 'phytoarray'. Five major groups of eukaryotic phytoplankton that possess the Type 1D rbcL gene were detected, both in terms of presence (DNA) and activity (rbcL gene expression). Changes in relative signal intensity among the Type 1D rbcL probes indicated a shift from diatom dominance in the spring bloom to dominance by haptophytes and flagellates later in the summer. Because of the limitations of a smaller database, NR probes detected fewer groups, but due to the greater diversity among known NR sequences, NR probes provided higher phylogenetic resolution than did rbcL probes, and identified two uncultivated diatom phylotypes as the most abundant (DNA) and active (NR gene expression) in field samples. Unidentified chlorophytes and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were detected at both the DNA and cDNA (gene expression) levels. The reproducibility of the array was evaluated in several ways and future directions for further improvement of probe development and sensitivity are outlined. The phytoarray provides a relatively high resolution, high throughput approach to assessing phytoplankton community composition in marine environments. Keywords: seawater natural assemblages, functional gene expression
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