Homo sapiens
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA325377 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:A comparison of rectal mucosal RNA transcriptome findings between transgender women using feminizing hormone therapy, men who have sex with men engaging in receptive anal intercourse, and males who had never engaged in anal intercourse demonstrates differential gene expression involving pathways critical for mucosal inflammation, suggesting the urgent need for further exploration into the immunologic effects of cross-sex hormone therapy in the rectal mucosa and the potential impact on HIV transmission risk at this site.
2023-03-21 | GSE141785 | GEO
Project description:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). Safe and acceptable topical HIV prevention methods that target the rectum are needed. MTN-017 was a phase 2, 3-period, randomized sequence, open-label, expanded safety and acceptability crossover study comparing rectally applied reduced-glycerin (RG) 1% tenofovir (TFV) and oral emtricitabine/TFV disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF). In each 8-week study period participants were randomized to RG-TFV rectal gel daily, or RG-TFV rectal gel before and after receptive anal intercourse (RAI; or at least twice weekly in the event of no RAI), or daily oral FTC/TDF. MSM and TGW (n = 195) were enrolled from 8 sites in the United States, Thailand, Peru, and South Africa with mean age of 31.1 years (range 18-64). The clinical results were reported here https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986684. For the gene expression study, rectal biopsies were obtained from a subset of participants (n = 36) in the United States (Pittsburgh) and Thailand (Bangkok). Biopsies were provided at baseline and after each study period.
2020-07-07 | GSE138723 | GEO
Project description:We report differences in mRNA gene expression in rectal biopsies from MSM compared to controls and for MSM timed with episodes of CRAI.
2017-06-19 | GSE83245 | GEO
Project description:Genomic response of C. elegans after infection with Microbacterium nematophilum.<br><br>The interaction between the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Microbacterium nematophilum, provides a model for an innate immune response in nematodes. This pathogen adheres to the rectal and post-anal cuticle of the worm, causing slowed growth, constipation, and a defensive swelling response of rectal hypodermal cells. To explore the genomic responses that the worm activates after pathogenic attack we used microarray analysis of transcriptional changes induced after 6 hr infection, comparing virulent with avirulent infection.
2005-01-01 | E-MEXP-696 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:A total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is considered the surgery of choice for definitive management of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and selected patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, this surgical treatment often associates with a long-term complication, pouchitis, which occurs mostly in UC patients. To better define the molecular background of pouchitis, the microarray-based survey was performed using pouch mucosal samples collected from 28 and 8 patients operated for UC and FAP, respectively. A number of 4771 genes was significantly differentiating uninflamed from inflamed mucosal samples, and their functional features were represented mostly by alerted metabolic and cell proliferation pathways. In contrast, functional analyses of aberrantly expressed probe sets between UC and FAP samples, irrespectively of mucosal inflammation status, revealed multiple pathways and terms which were linked to changes in immune response. Noteworthy, the comparison of uninflamed UC and FAP samples distinguished a set of 26 altered mRNAs including inflammation-related transcript encoding a Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein. The most discrete changes in gene expression profiles differentiating uninflamed UC and FAP mucosal samples were attributed to a Gene Ontology category innate immune response. Our study confirmed alterations of the immune responses as dominant in UC pouchitis which were earlier found in the studies using analyses of singular molecular elements. This observation may be important when managing IPAA patients. Each sample represents three biopsies taken from single patient, from the same areas of the lower part of the pouch mucosa (above the rectal cuff) during endoscopic examination. 28 patients underwent surgery for UC and 8 patients for FAP.
2014-05-01 | E-GEOD-50788 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Interventions: High Resolution Anoscopy (HRA) is being used to determine if the study will provide important information to guide the possible future introduction of anal cancer screening program for gay men. The HRA examination takes about 20 minutes for perform. It is not generally painful, due to local anaesthesia given prior to the procedure. Mild, transient anal bleeding may occur, for 72 hours after the procedure. The HRA procedure is conducted at Baseline and all 4 follow up visits which occur 6 months after Baseline and then annually to 36 months. There is a very small risk of a significant post-procedure haemorrhage. During the seven days after the procedure, it is possible that this may increase the risk of HIV infection should the participant have unprotected receptive anal intercourse. The procedure itself, and awaiting the pathology result, may cause anxiety in some participants. After having this procedure the participants are advised not to have receptive anal intercourse for at least 7 days. As a result of this procedure some participants may be referred for treatment of anal abnormalities.
Primary outcome(s): To determine if the study will provide important information to guide the possible future introduction of anal cancer screening programs for gay men. This is assessed by the conduct of the high resolution anoscopy and the HPV test.[2018]
Study Design: Purpose: Prevention; Allocation: Non-randomised trial; Masking: Open (masking not used);Assignment: Single group;Type of endpoint: Efficacy
| 2460322 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) is usually transmitted via respiratory droplets, whereas its close relative, the gonococcus is sexually transmitted. Invasive meningococcal disease due to isolates of serogroup C increased in Europe and the United States among men who have sex with men (MSM). These isolates were also recovered from cases of urethritis suggesting sexual transmission. Genome sequencing of representative strains revealed that isolates from MSM and urethritis cases belonged to a unique clade within clonal complex11. Proteome analysis showed expression of nitrite reductase by these isolates, enabling anaerobic growth as in gonococci. Invasive isolates from MSM, but not urethritis isolates expressed functional human factor H (hfH) binding protein associated with enhanced survival in transgenic mice expressing hfH, a complement regulatory protein. Our data provide a unique example of meningococcal evolution with adaptation to sexual transmissibility, initially associated with low virulence but with subsequent fHbp-associated invasiveness. Implications for vaccination strategies are discussed.
2016-05-18 | PXD001498 | Pride
Project description:Gene expression profiles were recorded from rectal suction specimens of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, carrying the CF-specific D508 mutated CFTR-allele. These profiles were compared with gene expression profiles from rectal suction specimens of non-CF subjects (control). We used Affymetrix GeneChip HG-U133A microarrays to record the gene expression profile of 16 CF and 13 non-CF individuals. Rectal suction specimens representing rectal mucosal epithelia were collected from CF patients and non-CF individuals. Biopsies were analyzed for residual function using ICM and total RNA was isolation immediately using the Qiagen RNeasy protocol with on column DNA digestion. About 1-5 µg RNA were obtained from each individual. Integrity of total RNA samples was monitored by gel-electrophoresis before cDNA synthesis. Labeled cRNA synthesis and hybridization was performed following standard protocols.
2013-11-28 | E-GEOD-15568 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) effectively prevents infection with HIV-1. We sought to determine how use of these medications affects gene expression. We performed a small, prospective trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02621242) of eight men initiating PrEP with TDF/FTC. We obtained rectal biopsies before treatment initiation and after two months of daily use. We isolated RNA from rectal biopsies preserved with RNAlater. Gene expression was measured from all eight men at both time points.
2020-07-07 | GSE139610 | GEO