Homo sapiens
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA350212 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication in health and disease and affect processes including immune and antiviral responses. We have previously demonstrated that ultracentrifuged serum is depleted of EVs and, when used in cell culture media, is associated with declines in growth and viability of numerous cultured cell types. Although EVs had been reported to enhance or interfere with HIV-1 infection, depending on the setting, the effects of EVs on HIV-1 production and infectivity of released virions were unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of EV-depleted serum on HIV-1 replication in primary cells and cell lines, including two HIV-1 latency models. Cell culture media were prepared with EV-replete fetal bovine serum (FBS) or serum depleted of EVs via ultracentrifugation or a proprietary method (ThermoFisher/Gibco). T-cell and myeloid-lineage cell lines, including ACH-2 and U1 HIV-1 latency models, and primary cells were grown in 10% FBS-based culture media. Cell counts, viability, and proliferation were assessed throughout. HIV-1 production and infectivity were measured by p24 ELISA and luciferase reporter cell lines, respectively. Flow cytometry, Seahorse assays, and miRNA and mRNA expression arrays were done to assess cellular responses to EV-depleted conditions. Significant increases in HIV-1 production were observed in EV-depleted conditions, along with, in some cases, morphology changes and decreased cell viability. Add-back of pelleted EVs reduced HIV-1 production almost to baseline. Primary cells appeared to be less susceptible to EV depletion. ACH-2 and U1 latency models also produced more HIV-1 under EV-depleted conditions. Virus produced under EV-depleted conditions was more infectious. Changes in cellular metabolism and gene expression were associated with EV-depleted culture. The EV environment of HIV-1 infected cells appears to have a significant effect on virus production and infectivity. In cell lines of HIV-latency, significantly higher concentrations of p24 were observed in those cells cultured in EVD conditions. EV-dependence of cell cultures should be examined carefully prior to examining additional experimental variables. However, we also sound a cautionary note that direct actions of EVs may be accompanied by the effects of other, closely associated factors.
2016-10-23 | GSE89067 | GEO
Project description:Effect of serum extracellular vesicle depletion protocols on miRNA expression of cultured cells
| PRJNA348755 | ENA
Project description:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) secretes pathogenicity factors and immunologically active molecules via membrane vesicles. However, nothing is known about the mechanisms involved in mycobacterial vesicle biogenesis. This study investigates molecular determinants of membrane vesicle production in Mtb by analyzing Mtb cells under conditions of high vesicle production: iron limitation and VirR restriction. Ultrastructural analysis showed extensive cell envelope restructuring in association with vesicle release that correlated with downregulation of cell surface lipid biosynthesis and peptidoglycan alterations. Comparative transcriptomics showed common upregulation of the iniBAC operon in association with high vesicle production in Mtb cells. Vesicle production analysis demonstrated that the dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) encoded by this operon, IniA and IniC, are necessary for release of EV by Mtb in culture and in infected macrophages. Isoniazid, a first-line antibiotic, used in tuberculosis treatment, was found to stimulate vesicle release in a DLP-dependent manner. Our results provide a new understanding of the function of mycobacterial DLPs and mechanistic insights into vesicle biogenesis. The findings will enable further understanding of the relevance of Mtb-derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and may open new avenues for therapeutic research.
2023-06-22 | GSE143996 | GEO
Project description:To investigate changes in serum extracellular vesicle miRNAs during adipose tissue regeneration, we created tamoxifen-inducible adipocyte-specific insulin receptor knockout (iFIRKO) mice. We then performed comprehensive miRNA analysis on the serum extracellular vesicles of iFIRKO and control mice.
2023-04-18 | GSE227967 | GEO
Project description:Analyzing the molecular mechanism of extracellular vesicle release in ATP9A knockdown HepG2 cells by differences in the gene expression level.
2018-12-07 | GSE123399 | GEO
Project description:To investigate the inside and exported miRNA in cell culture system. We characterized the miRNA spectra of cell lines when deprived of serum. The absence of miRNAs present in bovine serum is a distinct advantage of using serum depletion to study extracellular miRNA as it removes potential source of interference.
2011-04-23 | E-GEOD-21533 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Intracellular and extracellular vesicle-contained microRNAs were profiled by next-generation sequencing from prostate cancer patient cells, tissues and serum.
2023-09-22 | GSE228062 | GEO
Project description:This study focused on the development of serum extracellular vesicle (EV)-based glioblastoma tumor marker panels that can be used in the clinic to diagnose glioblastomas.
2023-08-21 | GSE228512 | GEO
Project description:Hepatic stellate cell autophagy inhibits extracellular vesicle release to attenuate liver fibrosis. Primary human hepatic stellate cells were treated with PDGF or PDGF + SHP2 inhibitor. RNA was purified and submitted for sequencing to Mayo Clinic Genomics Core. After applying the filters FDR>0.05, Log2(FC)>1 and RPKM>15, we ended up with nearly 300 genes differentially regulated between the two conditions. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that Ostheoarthritis was the first pathway to be differentially regulated. From this pathway, REDD1 (DDIT4 transcript), an mTOR inhibitor, was further explored, especially in the context of extracellular vesicle release.
2019-11-08 | GSE140110 | GEO
Project description:Oncogenes reprogram multiple metabolic phenotypes of cancer cells including the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes, mechanisms of nutrient uptake, and choices in nutrient utilization. Here, we explore how different oncogenes regulate biomass loss via extracellular vesicle release. We use isogenic mammary breast epithelial cells transformed with a panel of oncogenes found commonly mutated, amplified or overexpressed in multiple cancers. We observe an increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) release upon oncogenic transformation, with MYC and AURKB oncogenes eliciting the highest number of EVs produced. Oncogene expression altered the protein composition of released EVs. Likewise, miRNAs were differentially sorted into EVs in an oncogene-specific manner. We performed an integrated pathway analysis of metabolites and gene expression across different oncogene-expressing cells and identified that ceramide-sphingosine metabolism was broadly deregulated, especially in MYC overexpressing cells. Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinases (N-SMase) resulted in significant decrease in EV production in MYC high cells, while ESCRT-dependent small EV production predominated in AURKB cells.
2020-05-06 | GSE130768 | GEO