Transcriptomic analysis of purified human cortical microglia reveals age-associated changes
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ABSTRACT:
OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: GSE99074
PROVIDER: PRJNA387182 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Purpose: Microglia are essential for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and innate neuroimmune function, and play important roles in neurodegeneration and brain aging. Here, we present gene expression profiles of purified microglia isolated at autopsy from the parietal cortex of 39 human subjects with intact cognition. We identified an age-associated gene signature in human microglia that was enriched for genes involved in cell adhesion, axonal guidance, cell surface receptor expression, and actin disassembly. Methods: mRNA profiles of 39 human microglia samples isolated from subjects with intact cognition, 16 corresponding superior parietal cortex tissue and 10 epilepsy surgical samples were generated in a Illumina HiSEQ 2500 sequencer. mRNA profiles of 6 parietal cortex from mice were prepared with a Quantseq 3’mRNA-Seq kit (Lexogen, USA). Reads were aligned to the hg38 assembly of the human genome using STAR and quantified at the gene level by featureCounts. Differential expression between whole brain tissue, surgical samples and isolated microglia was assessed with limma. Results: Overall, genes expressed by human microglia are similar to those in mouse, including established microglia genes CX3CR1, P2YR12, and ITGAM/CD11B. However, a number of immune genes, not identified as part of the mouse microglial signature, were abundantly expressed in human microglia, including TLR, Fc-gamma and SIGLEC receptors, as well as TAL1 and IFI16, regulators of proliferation and cell cycle. Age-associated changes in human microglia were enriched for genes involved in cell adhesion, axonal guidance, cell surface receptor expression, and actin (dis)assembly. Limited overlap was observed in microglial genes regulated during aging between mice and humans, indicating that human and mouse microglia age differently. Conclusions: Here we present the an extensive human microglia gene expression profile. Critical differences with mouse microglia, especially in the context of aging, were observed which highlight the necessity to independently study human microglia. These data and analyses serve as a starting point to address human-specific microglia genes and functions under physiological and neuropathological conditions.
2017-05-19 | GSE99074 | GEO
Project description:In order to evaluate the gene expression profile of retinal microglia cells in different age, we purified CD11b-positive microglia from the retinas of wild type C57BL/6 mice at 3, 12, 18, and 24 months age using cell sorting method with flow cytometry. Age-related genes from isolated retinal microglia were performed using 16 Affymetrix GeneChips of Mouse Exon 1.0ST Arrays. Gene expression level between consecutive age groups (i.e. between 3 and 12 months, 12 and 18 months, and 18 and 24 months) was examined to identify microglia relevant aging genes that demonstrated significant changes. We identified a total 719 genes that showed increasing or decreasing more than 1.5-fold change (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA) for at least one of the three inter age-group comparisons. These identified genes were subjected to a hierarchical cluster analysis to visualize trends in differential expression across individual biological repeats in the 4 age groups. The microglia cells were isolated from wild type C57BL/6 mice with microglia cell specific marker CD11b conjugated with FITC using flowcytometry sorting. The aging time point was designed as 4 groups: 3 moth, 12 month, 18 month and 24 month; each group includes 4 repeats. The total RNA was extracted from isolated retinal microglia cells and reverse transcripted to cDNA after amplification and labeling. The gene expression profile was detected with Affymetrix GeneChip of Mouse Exon 1.0ST Arrays
2012-12-01 | E-GEOD-38739 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In order to evaluate the gene expression profile of retinal microglia cells in different age, we purified CD11b-positive microglia from the retinas of wild type C57BL/6 mice at 3, 12, 18, and 24 months age using cell sorting method with flow cytometry. Age-related genes from isolated retinal microglia were performed using 16 Affymetrix GeneChips of Mouse Exon 1.0ST Arrays. Gene expression level between consecutive age groups (i.e. between 3 and 12 months, 12 and 18 months, and 18 and 24 months) was examined to identify microglia relevant aging genes that demonstrated significant changes. We identified a total 719 genes that showed increasing or decreasing more than 1.5-fold change (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA) for at least one of the three inter age-group comparisons. These identified genes were subjected to a hierarchical cluster analysis to visualize trends in differential expression across individual biological repeats in the 4 age groups.
2012-12-01 | GSE38739 | GEO
Project description:Isolation of glia from Alzheimer's mice reveals inflammation and dysfunction. Reactive astrocytes and microglia are associated with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, not much is known about the molecular alterations underlying this reactive phenotype. To get an insight into the molecular changes underlying AD induced astrocyte and microglia reactivity, we performed a transcriptional analysis on acutely isolated astrocytes and microglia from the cortex of aged controls and APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice. As expected, both cell types acquired a proinflammatory phenotype, which confirms the validity of our approach. Interestingly, we observed that the immune alteration in astrocytes was relatively more pronounced than in microglia. Concurrently, our data reveal that astrocytes display a reduced expression of neuronal support genes and genes involved in neuronal communication. The microglia showed a reduced expression of phagocytosis and/or endocytosis genes. Co-expression analysis of a human AD expression data set and the astrocyte and microglia data sets revealed that the inflammatory changes in astrocytes were remarkably comparable in mouse and human AD, whereas the microglia changes showed less similarity. Based on these findings we argue that chronically proinflammatory astrocyte and microglia phenotypes, showing a reduction of genes involved in neuronal support and neuronal signaling, are likely to contribute to the neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline in AD. 2 cell types from 2 conditions: cortical microglia and cortical astrocytes from 15-18 month old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice compared to wildtype littermates. Biological replicates: microglia from APPswe/PS1dE9, N=7, microglia from WT, N=7, astrocytes from APPswe/PS1dE9, N=4, microglia from WT, N=4
2015-11-04 | E-GEOD-74615 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:GFAP and vimentin deficiency alters gene expression in astrocytes and microglia in wild-type mice and changes the transcriptional response of reactive glia in mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Reactive astrocytes with an increased expression of intermediate filament (IF) proteins Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Vimentin (VIM) surround amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The functional consequences of this upregulation are unclear. To identify molecular pathways coupled to IF regulation in reactive astrocytes, and to study the interaction with microglia, we examined WT and APPswe/PS1dE9 (AD) mice lacking either GFAP, or both VIM and GFAP, and determined the transcriptome of cortical astrocytes and microglia from 15- to 18-month-old mice. Genes involved in lysosomal degradation (including several cathepsins) and in inflammatory response (including Cxcl5, Tlr6, Tnf, Il1b) exhibited a higher AD-induced increase when GFAP, or VIM and GFAP, were absent. The expression of Aqp4 and Gja1 displayed the same pattern. The downregulation of neuronal support genes in astrocytes from AD mice was absent in GFAP/VIM null mice. In contrast, the absence of IFs did not affect the transcriptional alterations induced by AD in microglia, nor was the cortical plaque load altered. Visualizing astrocyte morphology in GFAP-eGFP mice showed no clear structural differences in GFAP/VIM null mice, but did show diminished interaction of astrocyte processes with plaques. Microglial proliferation increased similarly in all AD groups. In conclusion, absence of GFAP, or both GFAP and VIM, alters AD-induced changes in gene expression profile of astrocytes, showing a compensation of the decrease of neuronal support genes and a trend for a slightly higher inflammatory expression profile. However, this has no consequences for the development of plaque load, microglial proliferation, or microglial activation. 2 cell types from 6 conditions: cortical microglia and cortical astrocytes from 15-18 month old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice compared to wildtype littermates. Biological replicates: microglia from APPswe/PS1dE9, N=7, microglia from WT, N=7, astrocytes from APPswe/PS1dE9, N=4, microglia from WT, N=4
2015-11-04 | E-GEOD-74614 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:3 subtypes of cortical projection neurons were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting at 4 different stages of development from mouse cortex. A detailed description of the data set is described in Arlotta, P et al (2005). Keywords = corticospinal motor neuron callosal corticotectal cortex development FACS
2005-01-19 | GSE2039 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series:; GSE2039: FACS purified cortical projection neurons; GSE17783: Analysis of gene expression in FACS-purified cortical projection neurons using Affymetrix 430 2.0 microarrays Experiment Overall Design: Refer to individual Series
2009-10-10 | E-GEOD-17784 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background Proteomic characterization of microglia has been limited by low yield and contamination by non-microglial proteins by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) enrichment strategies. To determine whether a fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based strategy overcomes these limitations, we compared microglial proteomes of MACS and FACS-based purified CD11b+ microglia in order to identify core sets of microglial proteins in adult mouse brain tissue. Results Quantitative multiplex proteomics by tandem mass tag mass spectrometry (TMT-MS) of MACS-enriched (N = 5) and FACS-purified (N = 5) adult wild-type CD11b+ microglia identified 1,791 proteins, of which 953 were differentially expressed indicating significant differences between both approaches. While the FACS-purified microglia proteome was enriched with cytosolic, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomal proteins involved in protein metabolism and immune system functions, the MACS-enriched microglia proteome was enriched with proteins related to mitochondrial function and synaptic transmission. As compared to MACS, the FACS microglial proteome showed strong enrichment for canonical microglial proteins while neuron, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte proteins were decreased. Interestingly, we observed enrichment of endothelial specific proteins in the FACS microglia proteome. By comparing FACS-purified microglia proteomes with transcriptomes, we observed highly concordant as well as highly discordant proteins that were abundant at the protein level but low at the transcript level. Conclusions We demonstrate that TMT-MS proteomics of FACS-purified adult microglia is superior to column-based enrichment approaches, resulting in purer and highly-enriched microglial proteomes. We also define core sets of highly-abundant adult microglial proteins including Moesin (Msn) that can guide future studies.
2020-05-11 | PXD015652 | Pride
Project description:3 subtypes of cortical projection neurons were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting at 4 different stages of development from mouse cortex. A detailed description of the data set is described in Arlotta, P et al (2005)
2007-11-20 | E-GEOD-2039 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Single cell RNA sequencing of FACS purified mouse microglia from embryogenesis to old age, and following injury using a demyelinating mouse model.
2018-10-24 | GSE121654 | GEO