FTO demethyltion of N6-methyladenosine depends on the RRACH motif
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PROVIDER: PRJNA396010 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein is a well-characterized demethylase that removes N6-methyladenosine (m6A) from animal mRNAs. However, it is unclear yet how the demethylation operates in living cells. In this study, we applied genome-wide approaches to study how FTO finds its demethylation targets in human cells. We overexpressed FTO in human HeLa cells, demonstrating that FTO effectively removes m6A from the RRACH motif enriched in the 3’UTR regions and leaves m6A at other motifs unaffected. RRACH elements are clearly enriched at FTO binding sites; however, m6A has a lower tendency to be removed from the FTO-bound RRACH. Taken together with the experimental validaton results, we propose a model in which FTO effectivly recognizes m6A-containing RRACH motifs in RNAs, leading to a faster demethylation and dissociation kinetic than the association, and consequently undectable FTO-mRNA association. However, when FTO binds to the non-m6A RRACH motif, the binding has a lower dissociation kinetics, yielding the detectable FTO binding signals which would enable FTO to have roles in regulating other mRNA processing events.
2020-03-22 | GSE101954 | GEO
Project description:The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein is a well-characterized demethylase that removes N6-methyladenosine (m6A) from animal mRNAs. However, it is unclear yet how the demethylation operates in living cells. In this study, we applied genome-wide approaches to study how FTO finds its demethylation targets in human cells. We overexpressed FTO in human HeLa cells, demonstrating that FTO effectively removes m6A from the RRACH motif enriched in the 3’UTR regions and leaves m6A at other motifs unaffected. RRACH elements are clearly enriched at FTO binding sites; however, m6A has a lower tendency to be removed from the FTO-bound RRACH. Taken together with the experimental validaton results, we propose a model in which FTO effectivly recognizes m6A-containing RRACH motifs in RNAs, leading to a faster demethylation and dissociation kinetic than the association, and consequently undectable FTO-mRNA association. However, when FTO binds to the non-m6A RRACH motif, the binding has a lower dissociation kinetics, yielding the detectable FTO binding signals which would enable FTO to have roles in regulating other mRNA processing events.
2020-03-22 | GSE101953 | GEO
Project description:Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is a member of the Fe (II) and oxoglutarate-dependent AlkB oxygenase family, and has been linked to obesity and intellectual disability. However, the role of FTO in neurodevelopment and neurogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that FTO is expressed in adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and neurons, and displays dynamic expression during postnatal neurodevelopment. The loss of FTO leads to the decreased brain size and body weight. We found that FTO deficiency could reduce the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of aNSCs in vivo, which leads to the impaired learning and memory. Given the role of FTO as a demethylase of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), we further performed the genome-wide m6A profiling and observed the dynamic m6A modification during postnatal neurodevelopment. The loss of FTO could lead to the altered m6A modifications on the mRNAs of several key components of BDNF pathway. These results together suggest that FTO play important roles in neurogenesis and learning and memory.
2017-04-20 | GSE94098 | GEO
Project description:Reversible RNA modification of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation1-13. Although the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) has been previously shown to function as an m6A demethylase in nuclear RNA1,14, its exact function in disease pathogenesis remains a mystery. Here, we demonstrate that FTO suppresses the activation of Rho GTPase signaling via both its demethylation activity and specific interaction with Rho effector, Rhotekin (RTKN)15. The knockdown of FTO activates RhoA and RhoC, induces stress fibres, and accelerates cell migration. Endogenous RTKN is highly expressed in certain cancer and cancer-derived cell lines16,17 with overexpression of RTKN leading to moderate activation of Rho18. We further found that overexpression of RTKN blocks nuclear import of FTO and traps FTO in the cytoplasm to mediate m6A demethylation of cytosolic mRNA, thereby changing gene expression by preventing m6A-dependent mRNA decay and translation. Our results illustrate how FTO represses Rho activation through m6A demethylation and direct interaction with RTKN, and shed new light on FTO-dependent post-transcriptional gene regulation in RTKN overexpressed cancers, which may provide a new direction for developing anti-cancer therapies.
2018-12-31 | GSE83540 | GEO
Project description:The discovery of activating mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) leads to clinical testing of RTK inhibitors (TKIs). However, the rapid acquisition of resistance limits TKI effectiveness. Here we establish TKI-resistant cells that propagate in the absence of RTK signaling. Relative to sensitive cells, TKI-resistant cells display decreased N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a ubiquitous and reversible modification on RNA, but upregulated fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO), an m6A demethylase. Notably, the naïve leukemia cell populations are heterogeneous with respect to FTO levels. Cells with higher intrinsic and transient FTO expression demonstrate reduction of m6A methylation and TKI sensitivity with higher tumorigenic. Genetic or pharmacological dysfunction of FTO increases m6A abundance sensitizing resistant cells to TKIs. Mechanistically, FTO-mediated m6A demethylation promotes mRNA stability and protein translation rate, upregulating oncogenes that are indispensable for survival and proliferation. Our findings therefore establish a role of FTO-dependent m6A demethylation for TKI-resistance, offering a therapeutic window for incorporating m6A modulators in counteracting acquired TKI resistance.
2018-11-14 | GSE80481 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in the messenger RNA (mRNA) of all higher eukaryotes. This modification has been shown to be reversible in mammals; it is installed by a methyltransferase heterodimer complex of METTL3 and METTL14 bound with WTAP, and reversed by iron(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent demethylases FTO and ALKBH5. This modification exhibits significant functional roles in various biological processes. The m6A modification as a RNA mark is recognized by reader proteins, such as YTH domain family proteins and HNRNPA2B1; m6A can also act as a structure switch to affect RNA-protein interactions for biological regulation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the methyltransferase subunit MTA (the plant orthologue of human METTL3, encoded by At4g10760) was well characterized and FIP37 (the plant orthologue of human WTAP) was first identified as the interacting partner of MTA. Here we report the discovery and characterization of reversible m6A methylation mediated by AtALKBH10B (encoded by At4g02940) in A. thaliana, and noticeable roles of this RNA demethylase in affecting plant development and floral transition. Our findings reveal potential broad functions of reversible mRNA methylation in plants. m6A peaks were identified from wild type Columbia-0 and atalkbh10b-1 mutant in two biological replicates
2016-03-24 | E-GEOD-79523 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2020-03-22 | GSE101955 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is a pivotal mechanism controlling mRNA fate in cells. RNA m6A modification is regulated by the functional balance between methyltransferases and demethylases. Here we demonstrated that FTO-IT1 enhancer RNA (eRNA), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed from the last intron of FTO gene is significantly upregulated in CRPC and aggressive tumors compared to primary tumors. FTO-IT1 knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 almost completely blocks growth and G1-S cell cycle transition of both androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Meanwhile, the mRNA m6A was dramatically increased in FTO-IT knockout PCa cells and we identified FTO-IT1 as a binding partner of FTO. From m6A-seq, we unexpectedly found hypermethylated m6A associated with upregulated levels of the mRNAs for p53 signaling pathway genes in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Mechanistic study showed that FTO-IT1 recruits FTO to the P53 target mRNA to promote their m6A demethylation, which leads to their degradation.
2023-07-09 | GSE189465 | GEO
Project description:FTO, an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, can promote cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration. RNA-sequencing of SiHa cells with FTO knockdown was conducted to dissect the differentially expressed genes and the potential mechanism of FTO in cervical cancer.
2020-02-13 | GSE133517 | GEO
Project description:FTO demethyltion of N6-methyladenosine depends on the RRACH motif [CLIP-seq]
| PRJNA396014 | ENA