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PROVIDER: PRJNA399191 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Müller glial microRNAs are required for the maintenance of glial homeostasis and retinal architecture
| PRJNA400179 | ENA
Project description:During retinal development, progenitor cells give rise to six different types of neurons, and one glial cell. This process requires the expression of genes that confer specific functions and identity to each cell. Previous works have reported the miRNAs expression profile in retina, but is still necessary to further define individual retinal cell populations profiles. We isolated postmitotic mice CD73-positive Rods, Müller glial cells and Retinal Progenitors Cells (E17.5); we then analyzed their miRNA profile expression by microarrays.
2016-02-09 | GSE62109 | GEO
Project description:Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis are inherited retinal dystrophies caused by mutations in, among others, the Crumbs homologue 1 (CRB1) gene. CRB1 is required for organizing apical-basal polarity and adhesion between photoreceptors and Müller glial cells. Using human CRB1 patient induced pluripotent stem cells from RP patients we derived CRB1 retinal organoids, with diminished expression of variant CRB1 protein with immunohistochemical analysis. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed impact on, among others, the endosomal pathway and cell adhesion and migration in CRB1 patient derived retinal organoids compared to isogenic controls. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated hCRB2 or hCRB1 gene augmentation in Müller glial and photoreceptor cells partially restored the histological and differentially expressed genes phenotype. Altogether, we show proof-of-concept that AAV.hCRB1 or AAV.hCRB2 treatment improved the phenotype of CRB1 patient derived retinal organoids, providing essential information for future gene therapy approaches for patients with mutations in the CRB1 gene.
2023-04-20 | GSE212582 | GEO
Project description:Müller glia play very important and diverse roles in retinal homeostasis and disease, bur very little is known of their development during human retinal embryogenesis. Since they share several markers with retinal progenitors, they are often considered as a different cell population. In this study we isolated CD29+/CD44+cells from retinal organoids formed by hEPSC cells in vitro, and examined their transcriptome profile at various stages of organoid development to identify their transcriptomic profile.
2023-02-21 | E-MTAB-12467 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To address the function of Rax in differentiated Müller glial cells, we generated Rax tamoxifen-induced conditional knock-out (Rax iCKO) mice, where Rax can be depleted in mTFP-labeled Müller glial cells upon tamoxifen treatment, by crossing Raxflox/flox mice with Rlbp1-CreERT2 mice and found histological characteristic of reactive gliosis and an enhanced gliosis of Müller glial cells in the Rax iCKO retina under normal and stress conditions, respectively. RNA sequencing using isolated Müller glial cells from the Rax iCKO retina by fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated that reduced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (Socs3), whose depletion leads to reactive gliosis in Müller glial cells. Reporter gene assays showed that Rax directly transactivates Socs3 and we observed decreased expression of Socs3 in Müller glial cells of the Rax iCKO retina by immunostaining. Taken together, these results suggest that the Rax homeoprotein suppresses reactive gliosis in Müller glial cells by transactivating Socs3 in vivo. Our results may shed light on the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying Müller glial cell homeostasis.
2023-12-20 | GSE237650 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Müller glia are the only glial cell type produced by the neuroepithelial progenitor cells which generate the vertebrate retina. Müller glia are required to maintain retinal homeostasis and support the survival of retinal neurons. Furthermore, they function as an adult stem cell, mediating retinal regeneration among select vertebrate classes. However, the mechanisms which regulate Müller development are poorly understood as considerable overlap exists in gene expression between retinal progenitor cells and differentiated Müller glia. We investigate the functional role of the LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lhx2 in the specification and development of Müller glia in the mouse. Methods: RNA-Seq was performed in collaboration with the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Deep Sequencing and Microarray Core Facility. Libraries were prepared using Illumina TruSeq RNA Sample kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) following manufacturer’s recommended procedure. The PCR amplified library was purified using RNAClean XP magnetic beads (Agencourt, Beverley, MA) and run out on a High Sensitivity DNA Chip (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) for quality check. We used STAR to align RNA-Seq reads onto Ensembl mouse genome GRCm38, release 72. To generate the stand attribute for alignments containing splice junctions, we used the outSAMstrandField intronMotif program. The spliced alignments without strand definition were removed. Number of reads mapped to exons was counted by htseq-count. Genes expressed at very low levels were omitted from further analysis. Gene expression differences between wildtype and mutant samples, significance (p-value) and false discovery rate (FDR) were computed using the generalized linear models based EdgeR. Results: We observed a substantial reduction in expression of Notch pathway genes including Notch1, the Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll3, as well as gliogenic Notch effector genes such as Hes1, Hes5, Id1 and Sox8 and the Müller-gliogenic factor Rax. We likewise observe a substantial reduction in expression of progenitor-specific genes such as Vsx2 and Fgf15. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the expression of early-onset glial markers such as Crym , Spon1, and Car2.
2015-12-11 | GSE75889 | GEO
Project description:Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults, is thought to be primarily a microvascular complication of diabetes. As a central element of the retinal neurovascular unit, Müller cells, the major macroglia of the retina, are important for maintaining a healthy and functional retina and play a critical role in several pathological events during DR disease progression. Here, we aim to improve our understanding of Müller cell-specific signalling pathways that are altered during DR disease progression in order to develop novel gene therapy strategies that target Müller cells. We used a multi-omics approach on purified Müller cells from 6-month-old control and diabetic db/db mice, including (i) RNA-seq followed by oPOSSUM-3 transcription factor (TF) binding site cluster analysis, (ii) glial chromatin landscape analysis by ATAC-seq, and (iii) Müller cell proteomics by MS/MS mass spectrometry. This led to the identification of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, gene ID: Nr3c1) most highly expressed in Müller cells. In cells from diabetic mice, GR mRNA and protein expression is significantly reduced and its target gene cluster downregulated in Müller cells. Importantly, GR was identified as a potential master regulator not only by oPOSSUM analysis based on differentially expressed mRNA in Müller cells, but also validated by the ATAC-seq approach. In an in vitro cortisol-stimulated retinal explant model cortisol not only increased GR phosphorylation, but also induced changes in the expression of known downstream GR target genes. Finally, we evaluated whether AAV-mediated GR overexpression in Müller cells improves retinal functionality and we found moderate improvements indicated by electroretinography. While synthetic and topical glucocorticoids are widely used in ophthalmology with undeniable beneficial effects, our study provides valuable new insight into the role of GR signalling and glial alterations in the diabetic retina. This supports the therapeutic concept of locally enhancing the GR signaling axis. Our findings of reduced GR levels in Müller cells of the diabetic retina suggests that therapeutic approaches should aim at increasing the expression of the receptor rather than adding more ligand.
2024-05-23 | PXD045085 | Pride
Project description:Contrasting with fish or amphibian, retinal regeneration from Müller glial cells is largely limited in mammals. In our quest towards the identification of molecular cues that may boost their stemness potential, we investigated the involvement of the Hippo pathway effector YAP, which we previously found to be upregulated in Müller cells following retinal injury. We report that conditional Yap deletion in Müller cells prevents the upregulation of cell cycle genes that normally accompanies reactive gliosis upon photoreceptor cell death. This occurs as a consequence of defective EGFR signaling. Consistent with a function of YAP in triggering Müller glia cell cycle re-entry, we further show that in Xenopus, a species endowed with efficient regenerative capacity, YAP is required for their injury-dependent proliferative response. Finally, and noteworthy, we reveal that YAP overactivation in mouse Müller cells is sufficient to induce their reprogramming into highly proliferative cells. Overall, we unravel a pivotal role for YAP in tuning Müller cell response to injury and highlight a novel YAP-EGFR axis by which Müller cells exit their quiescence state, a critical step towards regeneration.
2019-06-01 | GSE121858 | GEO
Project description:In the lesioned zebrafish retina, Müller glia produce multipotent retinal progenitors that generate all retinal neurons, replacing lost cell types. To study the molecular mechanisms linking Müller glia reactivity to progenitor production and neuronal differentiation, we used single cell RNA sequencing of Müller glia, progenitors and regenerated progeny from uninjured and light-lesioned retinae. We discover an injury-induced Müller glia differentiation trajectory that leads into a cell population with a hybrid identity expressing marker genes of Müller glia and progenitors. A glial self-renewal and a neurogenic trajectory depart from the hybrid cell population. We further observe that neurogenic progenitors progressively differentiate to generate retinal ganglion cells first and bipolar cells last, similar to the events observed during retinal development. Our work provides a comprehensive description of Müller glia and progenitor transcriptional changes and fate decisions in the regenerating retina, which are key to tailor cell differentiation and replacement therapies for retinal dystrophies in humans.
2023-03-03 | GSE226373 | GEO
Project description:Non-mammalian vertebrates have a robust ability to regenerate injured retinal neurons from Müller glia cells (MG) that activate the proneural factor Achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1/Mash1) and de-differentiate into progenitors cells. In contrast, mammalian MG have a limited regenerative response and fail to upregulate Ascl1 after injury. To test whether Ascl1 could restore a neurogenic potential to mammalian MG, we over-expressed Ascl1 in dissociated mouse MG cultures and intact retinal explants. Ascl1-infected MG upregulate retinal progenitor-specific genes, while downregulating glial genes. Furthermore, Ascl1 remodeled the chromatin at its targets from a repressive to active configuration. MG-derived progenitors differentiated into cells that exhibited neuronal morphologies, expressed retinal subtype-specific neuronal markers, and displayed neuron-like physiological responses. These results indicate that a single transcription factor, Ascl1, can produce a neurogenic state in mature Muller glia. Expresssion profiling was used to determine the genes that were changed after Ascl1 infection of P12 cultured Müller glia compared with those present in P0 progenitors and P7-P21 Müller glia Retinas were dissociated and FAC-sorted from Hes5-GFP mice at P0, P7, P10, P14 or P21 and submitted for profiling. WT Retinas were dissociated at P12, grown for 1 week in culture, and infected with lentiviruses expressing Ascl1 or GFP for four days. Total RNA was extracted and submitted for profiling.
2013-04-06 | E-GEOD-45835 | biostudies-arrayexpress