High throughput screen identifies novel small molecules that derepress genes repressed by DNA methylation
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA417267 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Genes repressed by DNA methylation can be derepressed by various compounds targeting DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, etc. Here, we report a high throughput screen against a 308,251-member chemical library aiming to identify novel small molecules that derepress an EGFP reporter gene silenced by DNA methylation. RNA-seq was used to measure mRNA abundance in control and compound-treated cells.
2018-03-12 | GSE106573 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in chromatin modifying proteins are associated with a variety of cancers. These mutations may result in characteristic patterns of accessible chromatin indicative of altered nucleosome positioning and depletion at regulatory elements. We describe the adaptation of Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE), a chemical method to enrich for nucleosome-depleted genomic regions, as a high-throughput, automated assay. We applied this method in a screen of epigenetically targeted small molecules by evaluating regions of aberrant nucleosome depletion mediated by EWS-FLI1, the chimeric transcription factor critical for the bone and soft tissue tumor Ewing Sarcoma. We identified a novel compound, UNC0621, which exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in chromatin accessibility, decreased Ewing Sarcoma cell viability, and inhibited anchorage-independent growth. We demonstrate that chromatin accessibility can be exploited for drug discovery efforts offering the advantage that it does not depend on the a priori selection of a single molecular target. Identified compounds can then be used for biological target discovery and potential therapeutic validation. HT-FAIRE was performed on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) in duplicate. No reference/control experiment is necessary.
2015-09-24 | E-GEOD-61735 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6469676 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) depends on protein secretion systems for intracellular survival and virulence. The major virulence determinant and ESX-1 dependent effector protein EsxA causes tissue damage and necrosis which promotes spread and dissemination of the bacterium. We developed a fibroblast survival assay (FSA) that exploits this phenotype by selecting for molecules that protect host cells from Mtb-induced lysis. Hit compounds identified in this high-throughput screen blocked the secretion of EsxA thus promoting phagosome maturation which led to substantially reduced bacterial burden in activated macrophages. Target identification studies performed on these drugs led to discovery of a benzothiophene containing histidine kinase inhibitor and a benzyloxybenzylidine hydrazine compound affecting mycobacterial metal ion homeostasis which enabled us to reveal zinc stress as a signal for EsxA secretion. Collectively, this novel drug screening approach can help to tackle the mounting problem of antibiotic-resistant mycobacteria by largely extending the target spectrum of small molecule libraries.
2015-05-15 | GSE58314 | GEO
Project description:Although the molecular rules governing chromatin folding are being quickly elucidated, relatively few proteins regulating genome organization have been identified. To address this, we developed HiDRO (high-throughput labeling of DNA or RNA with optimized Oligopaint probes). Combined with automated image analysis, we used HiDRO to conduct a novel FISH-based screen of ~3,000 druggable genes that alter inter-TAD interactions. We isolated several enzymes that alter the integrity of architectural boundaries, including our top hit Glycogen synthase kinase alpha (GSK3A). We demonstrated using chemical and genetic inhibition that this ubiquitously expressed kinase enhances chromatin looping by regulating the chromatin binding of cohesin regulators. Finally, our data demonstrate that a GSK3A inhibitor can rescue both chromatin misfolding and gene misexpression at a sensitive locus after partial cohesin loss. These results illustrate a noncanonical role for GSK3A in cohesin regulation and highlight the broader utility of HiDRO-based screening to identify novel genome organizing factors.
2023-05-05 | GSE199607 | GEO
Project description:Using a high throughput human microRNA library screen, we identified microRNAs targeting the 3’untranslated region of human PCSK9
2021-07-07 | GSE166680 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in chromatin-modifying proteins and transcription factors are commonly associated with a wide variety of cancers. Through gain- or loss-of-function, these mutations may result in characteristic alterations of accessible chromatin, indicative of shifts in the landscape of regulatory elements genome-wide. The identification of compounds that reverse a specific chromatin signature could lead to chemical probes or potential therapies. To explore whether chromatin accessibility could serve as a platform for small molecule screening, we adapted formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE), a chemical method to enrich for nucleosome-depleted genomic regions, as a high-throughput, automated assay. After demonstrating the validity and robustness of this approach, we applied this method to screen an epigenetically targeted small molecule library by evaluating regions of aberrant nucleosome depletion mediated by EWSR1-FLI1, the chimeric transcription factor critical for the bone and soft tissue tumor Ewing sarcoma. As a class, histone deacetylase inhibitors were greatly overrepresented among active compounds. These compounds resulted in diminished accessibility at targeted sites by disrupting transcription of EWSR1-FLI1. Capitalizing on precise differences in chromatin accessibility for drug discovery efforts offers significant advantages because it does not depend on the a priori selection of a single molecular target and may detect novel biologically relevant pathways.
2015-09-24 | GSE61735 | GEO
Project description:A high-throughput screen was performed to identify RNA binding proteins that impact fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites. This screen makes use of animals expressing a vitellogenin (yolk protein) fusion with GFP, in a background (adr-2(-)) that corrects for a previously identified fertility defect in this strain. In addition to identifying several RNA binding proteins that regulate fertility, the screen also uncovered an interaction between the RNA binding proteins adr-2 and sqd-1, which were found to coregulate many transcripts important for fertility.
2023-12-01 | GSE244602 | GEO
Project description:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe health problems. Despite intensive investigation, many aspects of microbial virulence remain poorly understood. We used a high-throughput, high-content, whole-organism, phenotypic screen to identify small molecules that inhibit P. aeruginosa virulence in C. elegans. Approximately half of the hits were known antimicrobials. A large number of hits were non-antimicrobial bioactive compounds, including the cancer chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil. We determined that 5-fluorouracil both transiently inhibits bacterial growth and reduces pyoverdine biosynthesis. Pyoverdine is a siderophore that regulates the expression of several virulence determinants and is critical for pathogenesis in mammals. We show that 5-fluorouridine, a downstream metabolite of 5-fluorouracil, is responsible for inhibiting pyoverdine biosynthesis. We also show that 5-fluorouridine, in contrast to 5-fluorouracil, is a genuine anti-virulent compound, with no bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report utilizing a whole-organism screen to identify novel compounds with antivirulent properties effective against P. aeruginosa. There are 6 samples total that comprise three biological replicates of N2 animals exposed to DMSO or 5-fluorouracil for 8 hours at 25°C. Each biological replicate consists of N2 C. elegans animals in the young adult developmental stage.
2016-08-10 | E-GEOD-85342 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:X-chromosome inactivation is a mechanism of dosage compensation in which one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals is transcriptionally silenced. Once established, silencing of the inactive X (Xi) is robust and difficult to reverse pharmacologically. Yet, the Xi is a reservoir of >1000 functional genes that could be potentially tapped to treat X-linked disease. To identify compounds that could reactivate the Xi, here we screened ~367,000 small molecules in an automated high-content screen using an Xi-linked GFP reporter in mouse fibroblasts. Given the robust nature of silencing, we sensitized the screen by “priming” cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5azadC). Compounds that elicited GFP activity include VX680, MLN8237, and 5azadC,, which are known to target the Aurora kinase and DNA methylation pathways. We demonstrate that the combinations of VX680 and 5azadC, as well as MLN8237 and 5azadC, synergistically upregulated genes on the Xi. Thus, our work identifies a synergism between the DNA methylation and Aurora kinase pathways as being one of interest for possible pharmacological reactivation of the Xi.
2017-02-10 | GSE85103 | GEO