Project description:Primary outcome(s): Measure auto-lysosome function in the cytoplasm by electron microscopy to examine the changes in the number of autophagy.
Project description:Most dairy cows suffer uterine microbial contamination postpartum. Persistent endometritis often develops, associated with reduced fertility. We used a model of differential feeding and milking regimes to produce cows in differing negative energy balance (NEB) status in early lactation. We used Affymetrix GeneChipM-CM-^R Bovine Genome Array to investigate the global gene expression underlying negative energy balance and to identify the significantly differentially expressed genes during this process. We investigate the differences of gene expression profiles in uterine endometrial tissues between the cows with mild and severe negative energy balance.
Project description:Proteome profiling contributes a better understanding of physiological and biochemical readjustment of Syzygium cumini seedlings after prolonged partial submergence. After 100 days flooding treatment, S. cumini has formed a new level of physiological balance in the present of well-developed adventitious roots. Comparative proteome analysis can illuminate the biological process involved in this maintenance mechanisms of new balance.
Project description:Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase (AOX) is a mitochondrial respiratory enzyme that acts as an alternative electron sink for ubiquinol (reduced quinone) when the cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III) and/or cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) are inhibited or impaired (El-Khoury et al., 2014). AOX thus enables electron flux through the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and thereby prevents reverse electron transport from succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) to NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) and mitochondrial ROS production, restores redox balance and Krebs cycle activity. As a non-proton-motive enzyme, however, AOX does not directly support ATP production. Previously, a mouse model was generated that despite ubiquitous expression of AOX revealed no deviations from normal physiology and which now is used as model to test mitochondrial disease paradigms (Szibor et al., 2017).
Project description:Most dairy cows suffer uterine microbial contamination postpartum. Persistent endometritis often develops, associated with reduced fertility. We used a model of differential feeding and milking regimes to produce cows in differing negative energy balance (NEB) status in early lactation. We used Affymetrix GeneChipÒ Bovine Genome Array to investigate the global gene expression underlying negative energy balance and to identify the significantly differentially expressed genes during this process.
Project description:Artificial electron carriers have been widely used to shift the solvent ratio towards butanol in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of solventogenic clostridia according to decreased hydrogen production. In this study, first insights on the molecular level were gained to explore the effect of methyl viologen addition to cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Employing batch fermentation in mineral salts medium, the butanol:acetone ratio was successively increased from 2.3 to 12.4 on a 100 ml scale in serum bottles and from 1.4 to 16.5 on a 1,300 ml scale in bioreactors, respectively. The latter cultures were used for DNA microarray analyses to provide new information on the transcriptional changes referring to methyl viologen exposure and thus, exhibing gene expression patterns according to the manipulation of the cellular redox balance.
Project description:HMGN proteins, a family of non-histone nucleosome-binding proteins, maintain a dynamic balance between more and less compacted fibers via interactions with other architectural elements of chromatin. This balance affects the ability of regulatory factors to access their target sites, which eventually modifies the expression profile of the cell. We used microarrays to detail gene expression change in mouse fibroblasts overexpressing human HMGN4 to identify outlier genes and distinct classes of up- and down-regulated genes during this process. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), MEFs, expressing hHMGN4 (MEF-N4) or hHMGN2 (MEF-N2) or vector alone (MEF-V, served as a control) were harvested from exponentially grown cell culture for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.
Project description:HMGN proteins, a family of non-histone nucleosome-binding proteins, maintain a dynamic balance between more and less compacted fibers via interactions with other architectural elements of chromatin. This balance affects the ability of regulatory factors to access their target sites, which eventually modifies the expression profile of the cell. We used microarrays to detail gene expression change in mouse fibroblasts overexpressing human HMGN4 to identify outlier genes and distinct classes of up- and down-regulated genes during this process.
Project description:MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, disturbs NMDAR function in rodents and induces psychological and behavioral changes similar to schizophrenia(SCZ). However, the effects of MK-801 treatment on gene expression in prefrontal cortex (PFC) are largely unknown. We have established MK-801 animal models to explore the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Transcriptome analysis of the prefrontal cortex reveals that the differentially expressed genes mainly aggregate in chemical synaptic transmission and immune system process. Gene association patterns which are involved in synaptic vesicle cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain have also been altered. Together, these observations underscore that dysfunction in glutamatergic synaptic vesicle cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain has an impact on the pathogenesis of SCZ.
Project description:Geobacter sulfurreducens is a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium capable of forming thick electron-conducting biofilms on solid electrodes in the absence of alternative electron acceptors. The remarkable ability of such biofilms to transfer electrons, liberated from soluble organic electron donors, over long distances has attracted scientific interest as to the mechanism for this process, and technological interest for application to microbial fuel and electrolysis cells and sensors. Here, we employ comparative proteomics to identify key metabolic pathways involved in G. sulfurreducens respiration by planktonic cells versus electron-conducting biofilms, in an effort to elucidate long-range electron transfer mechanisms.