Project description:At hydrothermal vent sites, chimneys consisting of sulfides, sulfates, and oxides are formed upon contact of reduced hydrothermal fluids with oxygenated seawater. The walls and surfaces of these chimneys are an important habitat for vent-associated microorganisms. We used community proteogenomics to investigate and compare the composition and in situ protein expression of microbial communities colonizing two actively venting hydrothermal chimneys from the Manus Basin back-arc spreading center (Papua New Guinea).
Project description:<p>Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are unique ecosystems that may release chemically distinct dissolved organic matter to the deep ocean. Here, we describe the composition and concentrations of polar dissolved organic compounds observed in low and high temperature hydrothermal vent fluids at 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon was 46 µM in the low temperature hydrothermal fluids and 14 µM in the high temperature hydrothermal fluids. In the low temperature vent fluids, quantifiable dissolved organic compounds were dominated by water-soluble vitamins and amino acids. Derivatives of benzoic acid and the organic sulfur compound 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHPS) were also present in low and high temperature hydrothermal fluids. The low temperature vent fluids contain organic compounds that are central to biological processes, suggesting that they are a by-product of biological activity in the subseafloor. These compounds may fuel heterotrophic and other metabolic processes at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and beyond.</p>
Project description:Physiological and gene expression studies of deep-sea bacteria under pressure conditions similar to those experienced in their natural habitat are critical to understand growth kinetics and metabolic adaptations to in situ conditions. The Epslilonproteobacterium, Nautilia sp. strain PV1, was isolated from hydrothermal fluids released from an active deep-sea hydrothermal vent at 9°N on the East Pacific Rise. Using a high pressure/high temperature continuous culture system we established that strain PV-1 has the shortest generation time of all known piezophilic microorganisms and we investigated its protein expression pattern in response to different hydrostatic pressures. Proteomic analyses of strain PV-1 grown at 200 Bars and 5 Bars showed that pressure adaptation is not restricted only to stress response or homeoviscous adaptation, but that it is more diversified and protein specific, with a fine and variegated regulation of enzymes involved even in the same metabolic pathway. As previously reported, proteins synthesis, motility, transport and energy metabolism are all affected by pressure, although to different extents. In strain PV-1, low pressure condition seems to activate the synthesis of phage-related proteins and an overexpression of enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism.
Project description:Iron-sulfur minerals such as pyrite are found in many marine benthic habitats. At deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites they occur as massive sulfide chimneys. Hydrothermal chimneys formed by mineral precipitation from reduced vent fluids upon mixing with cold oxygenated sea water. While microorganisms inhabiting actively venting chimneys and utilizing reduced compounds dissolved in the fluids for energy generation are well studied, only little is known about the microorganisms inhabiting inactive sulfide chimneys. We performed a comprehensive meta-proteogenomic analysis combined with radiometric dating to investigate the diversity and function of microbial communities found on inactive sulfide chimneys of different ages from the Manus Basin (SW Pacific). Our study sheds light on potential lifestyles and ecological niches of yet poorly described bacterial clades dominating inactive chimney communities.
