YAP and MRTF-A, transcriptional co-activators of RhoA- mediated gene expression, are critical for glioblastoma tumorigenicity
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PROVIDER: PRJNA437452 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The role of YAP (Yes associated protein 1 gene) and MRTF-A (Megakaryoblastic Leukemia gene, MLK1), two transcriptional co-activators regulated downstream of GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptor) and RhoA, in growth of glioblastoma cells and in vivo GBM tumor development was explored using human glioblastoma cell lines (1321N1) and tumor initiating cells derived from patient derived xenografts (PDX)PDX (GSC-23) cells. Knockdown of these co-activators in PDX cells using shRNA significantly attenuated in vitro proliferation and stemness assessed by limiting dilution and neurosphere formation. Orthotopic xenografts of the MRTF-A and YAP knockdown PDX cells formed significantly smaller tumors with lower morbidity than wild-type cells. In vitro studies of cellular responses to the GPCR agonist sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) demonstrated that YAP was required for glioblastoma cell invasion and migration, whereas MRTF-A, was required for cell adhesion. S1P- stimulated proliferation was abolished by knockout of either YAP or MRTF-A. Gene expression analysis by RNA-sequencing of S1P- treated 1321N1 cells in which MRTF-A and or YAP were deleted knockout cells identified 44 genes that were induced through RhoA and highly dependent on YAP, MRTF-A, or both. Knockdown of F3 (tissue factor; TF), a target gene regulated selectively through YAP, when knocked down blocked 1321N1 cell invasion and migration, whereas knockdown of HBEGF (Hheparin binding EGF-like growth factor) (HBEGF), a gene selectively induced through MRTF-A, prevented cell adhesion in response to S1P. Proliferation was sensitive to knockdown of several target genes dually regulated through both YAP and MRTF-A (CCN1 and MYC) or of those regulated by either factor. Expression of these same genes was decreased in tumors from PDX cells lacking YAP or MRTF-A, indicating that these transcriptional pathways are regulated in the in vivo GBM tumor environment and suggesting that their activation through GPCRs and RhoA contributes to growth and maintenance of human GBM.
2018-10-10 | GSE111571 | GEO
Project description:Yes Associated Protein (YAP) and Myocardin Related Transcription Factor (MRTF) play similar roles and crosstalk in directing the transcriptional responses to chemical and physical extracellular cues. However the mechanism by which the two proteins crosstalk has been unclear. Here, we show MRTF family proteins bind YAP via a conserved PPXY motif that interacts with the YAP WW domain. This interaction allows MRTF to recruit NcoA3 to the TEAD-YAP transcriptional complex and potentiate its transcriptional activity. We show this interaction of MRTF and YAP is critical for LPA-induced cancer cell invasion in vitro and breast cancer metastasis to the lung in vivo. We also demonstrate the significance of MRTF-YAP binding in mechanotransduction by showing that the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of MRTF induced by changes in the actin cytoskeleton constitutes the LATS-independent regulation of YAP activity. Our results provide clear evidence of crosstalk between MRTF and YAP independent of the LATS kinases that normally act upstream of YAP signaling and suggest a mechanism by which extracellular stimuli can coordinate physiological events downstream of YAP.
2016-12-21 | GSE89182 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6195840 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by extensive cyst formation and progressive fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby the loss/loss-of-function of polycystin 1 or 2 (PC1/2) provokes fibrosis are largely unknown. The small GTPase RhoA has been implicated in cystogenesis, while we have shown that the RhoA/cytoskeleton/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) pathway is a key inducer of epithelium-induced fibrogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that MRTF 1) is activated by PC1/2 loss, and 2) plays a critical role in fibrogenic repogramming of the epithelium and the subsequent induction of fibrosis. Methods: PC1/2 loss was achieved by gene silencing in tubular cells (in vitro) and in PKD1 (RC/RC) and PKD2 (ws25/-) mice (in vivo). RhoA activation was measured by pull-down assays and immunofluorescence. MRTF localization (nuclear/cytosolic ratio, intensity) was quantified in large cell populations and in renal tissue using automated image analysis. PC1/PC2 loss-promoted, MRTF-dependent gene expression was followed by qPCR, RNAseq and RNAscope. MRTF-dependent paracrine effects were assessed by a bioassay. Results: Loss of PC1 or PC2 activated RhoA in vitro and in vivo, resulting in cytoskeletal remodelling and robust nuclear MRTF translocation, accompanied by increased MRTF expression. Nuclear translocation occurred predominantly in dilated tubules, while overexpression in the cyst-lining epithelium. A large cohort of PC1/PC2 downregulation-induced genes was MRTF-dependent, including cytoskeletal, integrin-related, and matricellular/fibrogenic proteins. Epithelial MRTF was necessary for paracrine priming of fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Conclusion: The Rho/MRTF pathway is a critical novel mediator of PC1/2 loss-induced acquisition of the profibrotic epithelial phenotype and the ensuing fibrosis.
2024-05-01 | GSE252716 | GEO
Project description:Lymphatic drainage generates force that induces prostate cancer cell motility via activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), but whether this response to fluid force is conserved across cancer types is unclear. Here, we show that shear stress corresponding to fluid flow in the initial lymphatics modifies taxis in breast cancer. Whereas some cell lines employ rapid amoeboid migration behavior in response to fluid flow, a separate subset decrease movement. Positive responders displayed transcriptional profiles typical of an amoeboid cell state. Regulation of the HIPPO tumor suppressor pathway and YAP activity also differed between breast subsets and prostate cancer. Although subcellular localization of YAP to the nucleus positively correlated with overall velocity of locomotion, YAP gain- and loss-of-function demonstrates that YAP inhibits breast cancer motility but is outcompeted by other pro-taxis mediators in the context of flow. Specifically, we show that RhoA dictates response to flow. GTPase activity of RhoA, but not Rac1 or Cdc42 Rho family GTPases, is elevated in cells that positively respond to flow and is unchanged in cells that decelerate under flow. Disruption of RhoA or the RhoA effector, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), blocked shear stress-induced motility. Collectively, these findings demonstrate stratification of breast cancer subsets by flow-sensing mechanotransduction pathways and point to a role for biophysical force in regulation of an amoeboid cell state.
2022-03-27 | GSE191142 | GEO
Project description:Hippo effectors YAP/TAZ act as on-off mechanosensing switches by sensing modifications in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and mechanics. The regulation of their activity has been described so far through a hierarchical model in which elements of Hippo pathway are under the control of Focal Adhesions (FAs). Here we unveiled the molecular mechanism by which cell spreading and RhoA GTPase control FA formation through YAP to stabilize the anchorage of actin cytoskeleton to cell membrane. This mechanism required YAP co-transcriptional function and involved the activation of genes encoding for integrins and FA docking proteins. Tuning YAP transcriptional activity led to the modification of cell mechanics, force development, adhesion strength, determined cell shaping, migration and differentiation. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of YAP mechanosensing activity and qualify Hippo effector as the key determinant of cell mechanics in response to ECM cues.
2017-05-17 | E-MTAB-5217 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The YAP and TAZ paralogues, the ultimate effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, are deregulated in many cancer types. They are transcriptional co-activators that are recruited to their target sites, primarily by TEAD proteins. Here, we show that YAP and TAZ are also recruited by JUNB and STAT3, key factors that mediate an epigenetic switch linking inflammation to breast cellular transformation. YAP and TAZ directly interact with JUNB and STAT3 via a WW domain that is important for transformation, co-occupy many target sites in vivo via the sequence motifs of AP-1 and (to a lesser extent) STAT3, and stimulate transcriptional activation by AP-1 proteins. A small minority of target sites are YAP- or TAZ-specific, and they are associated with different sequence motifs and gene classes. YAP/TAZ, JUNB, and STAT3 directly regulate a common set of target genes that overlap, but are distinct from, those regulated by YAP/TAZ and TEADs. The set of target genes regulated by YAP/TAZ, STAT3, and JUNB is associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients with the triple-negative form of the disease.
2021-02-18 | GSE166942 | GEO
Project description:The YAP and TAZ paralogues, the ultimate effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, are deregulated in many cancer types. They are transcriptional co-activators that are recruited to their target sites, primarily by TEAD proteins. Here, we show that YAP and TAZ are also recruited by JUNB and STAT3, key factors that mediate an epigenetic switch linking inflammation to breast cellular transformation. YAP and TAZ directly interact with JUNB and STAT3 via a WW domain that is important for transformation, co-occupy many target sites in vivo via the sequence motifs of AP-1 and (to a lesser extent) STAT3, and stimulate transcriptional activation by AP-1 proteins. A small minority of target sites are YAP- or TAZ-specific, and they are associated with different sequence motifs and gene classes. YAP/TAZ, JUNB, and STAT3 directly regulate a common set of target genes that overlap, but are distinct from, those regulated by YAP/TAZ and TEADs. The set of target genes regulated by YAP/TAZ, STAT3, and JUNB is associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients with the triple-negative form of the disease.
2021-02-18 | GSE166941 | GEO
Project description:Chemokine signaling is important for the seeding of different sites by hematopoietic stem cells during development. Serum Response Factor (SRF) controls multiple genes governing adhesion and migration, mainly by recruiting members of the Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor (MRTF) family of G-actin regulated cofactors. We used vav-iCre to inactivate MRTF-SRF signaling early during hematopoietic development. In both Srf- and Mrtf-deleted animals, hematopoiesis in fetal liver and spleen is intact, but does not become established in fetal bone marrow. Srf-null HSC/Ps (hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells) fail to effectively engraft in transplantation experiments, exhibiting normal proximal signaling responses to SDF-1, but reduced adhesiveness, F-actin assembly, and reduced motility. Srf-null HSC/Ps fail to polarise in response to SDF-1, and cannot migrate through restrictive membrane pores to SDF-1 or Scf in vitro. Mrtf-null HSC/Ps were also defective in chemotactic responses to SDF-1. MRTF-SRF signaling is thus critical for the response to chemokine signaling during hematopoietic development. Strand specific RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in sorted WT and SRF deleted LSK cells with or without a 30 minute SDF stimulation and validation by qRT-PCR
2015-03-04 | E-GEOD-63820 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) in complex with the serum response factor (SRF) regulates the expression of cytoskeletal genes in response to cytoplasmic and nuclear actin dynamics. Different components of nucleoskeleton, besides nuclear actin, also regulate the activity of MRTF-A. Here we extend these studies by showing that lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (Lap2α), the nucleoplasmic isoform of Lap2, is a novel regulator, and a direct binding partner of MRTF-A. Lap2α is a nucleoplasmic protein that interacts with A-type lamins and the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and contributes to chromatin organization. Unlike other known MRTF-A regulators, Lap2α is not required for MRTF-A nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling; it functions within the nucleus where it binds MRTF-A directly via its unique C-terminal domain prior to MRTF-A forming the complex with chromatin and SRF. Such interaction affects MRTF-A transcriptional activity since genome-wide analysis revealed reduced binding of MRTF-A to SRF target genes in Lap2α knockout cells compared to control cells that consequently led to impaired expression of target genes. Our studies therefore add another regulatory layer to the control MRTF-A-SRF-mediated gene expression, and broaden the role of Lap2α in transcriptional regulation.
2020-12-15 | GSE159370 | GEO