Project description:Investigation of the kinetics of whole genome gene expression level changes in Bacillus subtilis NDmed strain during formation of submerged biofilm and pellicle. The Bacillus subtilis NDmed strain analyzed in this study is able to form thick and highly structured submerged biofilms as described in Bridier et al., (2011) The Spatial Architecture of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Deciphered Using a Surface-Associated Model and In Situ Imaging. PLoS ONE 6(1):e16177.
Project description:Bacillus subtilis has been extensively used as a model for molecular studies on biofilm formation. These studies encompassed the development of complex macro-colonies on agar, the formation of pellicles at the air-liquid interface, and lately the formation of submerged architectural biofilms at the solid-liquid interface. Beside similarities, these multicellular communities also display considerable heterogeneity at the structural, chemical and biological levels. Here we use RNA-seq to analyze nine different spatio-physiological conditions, including the three biofilm populations (colony, pellicle, and submerged).
Project description:Quinoa, like a large fraction of halophytes, use so-called bladder cells to detoxify excess salt. These leaf exterior structures are formed by specialized trichomes and consist of a leaf epidermal cell, a stalk cell and the bladder cell itself. Under salt stress, Na+ and Cl- as well as K+ and metabolites are imported from leaf sources and stored in the bladder. During this process the stalk cell simultaneously operates as both a selectivity filter and a flux controller. We submerged detached leaves in buffer, then lightly brushed the abaxial surface with a fine paintbrush to remove only the EBCs. The abaxial epidermis was then removed using tweezers and sampled in buffer for RNA extraction and RNA sequencing to separate the gene expression profiles of stalk cells from bladders and leaves.
Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study is to compare the transcriptomes expressed during submergence stress of two Brachypodium distachyon ecotypes with contrasting survival under this stress. Bd21 is a submergence sensitive ecotype with EC50 of 2.5 days and Bd2-3 is a tolerant ecotype with EC50 of 4 days. Methods (Stress): Brachypodium Bd21 and Bd2-3 plants (14-day-old, 6 leaves stage) were submerged in a water column of 30 cm inside opaque-wall plastic tanks. Light still reached the plants at 40 uE m-2 s-??1. Ecotypes were submerged side-by-side in a randomized manner; only plants submerged in the same tank were compared. Controls were grown in plastic tanks without a water column. Submergence stress started at ZT14 (2h before night, long-day regime 16h light, 8h dark). Above ground tissue was collected after 48 h submergence stress in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80C in an ultra freezer until further processing. Tissue was ground to powder with mortar, pestle and liquid nitrogen avoiding thawing. Control and submerged total RNA was extracted with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, 15596018), purified with Direct-zol RNA mini prep columns (Zymo Research, R2050) and digested in-column with DNAse I (ThermoScientific, EN0521). RNA integrity and concentration was verified in denaturing 1.0% agarose gels, Nanodrop 2000 (ThermoScientific) and in a Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent) with the integrated software 2100 Expert, samples had a RNA Integrity Number (RIN) between 6.4-7.2 characteristic of aerial plant tissue (Babu and Gassman, 2011). Total RNA extracted from control and submerged tissue from three independent experiments consisting each of four individuals were used to construct cDNA indexed libraries and sequenced in a HiSeq2500 (Illumina) at 1x50 format, making a total of 12 sequenced libraries (tolerant and intolerant ecotype, control and submerged, all experimental triplicates) in a 2-lane format. RNA integrity, library construction and sequencing was performed as a service at the Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciacion Masiva, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (IBT-UNAM). Differential Gene Expression (DGE) analysis was performed with edgeR using a generalized linear model and false discovery rate <0.05 (FDR). To group differentially expressed transcripts a logFC value of 1.5 (up-regulated) or -1.5 (down-regulated) and a FDR <0.05x10-5 were selected. GO analysis of differential transcripts was performed at phytozome.org Results: We identified commonly up-regulated genes (317) and exclusively up-regulated in Bd2-3 (466) or Bd21 (706). Regarding down-regulation, 330 transcripts were common, an exclusively 851 and 1026 for Bd2-3 and Bd21, respectively. GO analysis indicated that oxidative stress, pathogen responses and nitric oxide homeostasis were the most differential characteristics of tolerant ecotype Bd2-3. Conclusions: The use of triplicate RNAseq data of transcriptomes expressed in ecotypes with contrasting tolerance to submergence under long-day light regime, allowed us to identify common responsive routes such as SUSY, glycolysis, anaerobic routes (alanine, ethanol, lactate, GABA) and glyoxylate cycle. It also enabled us to discover integrated oxidative stress and NO homeostasis pathways that are differentially expressed in the tolerant ecotype. We expect that this information can be translated to agricultural relevant plants to increase our knowledge and biotechnological possibilities on plant submergence stress. Sequenced libraries (triplicates, HiSeq2500 Illumina, 1x50 format) of aerial tissue (control and 48h submergence stress) of Brachypodium distachyon Bd21 (sensitive) and Bd2-3 (tolerant).
Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study is to compare the transcriptomes expressed during submergence stress of two Brachypodium distachyon ecotypes with contrasting survival under this stress. Bd21 is a submergence sensitive ecotype with EC50 of 2.5 days and Bd2-3 is a tolerant ecotype with EC50 of 4 days. Methods (Stress): Brachypodium Bd21 and Bd2-3 plants (14-day-old, 6 leaves stage) were submerged in a water column of 30 cm inside opaque-wall plastic tanks. Light still reached the plants at 40 μE m−2 s−1. Ecotypes were submerged side-by-side in a randomized manner; only plants submerged in the same tank were compared. Controls were grown in plastic tanks without a water column. Submergence stress started at ZT14 (2h before night, long-day regime 16h light, 8h dark). Above ground tissue was collected after 48 h submergence stress in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80ºC in an ultra freezer until further processing. Tissue was ground to powder with mortar, pestle and liquid nitrogen avoiding thawing. Control and submerged total RNA was extracted with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, 15596018), purified with Direct-zol RNA mini prep columns (Zymo Research, R2050) and digested in-column with DNAse I (ThermoScientific, #EN0521). RNA integrity and concentration was verified in denaturing 1.0% agarose gels, Nanodrop 2000 (ThermoScientific) and in a Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent) with the integrated software 2100 Expert, samples had a RNA Integrity Number (RIN) between 6.4-7.2 characteristic of aerial plant tissue (Babu and Gassman, 2011). Total RNA extracted from control and submerged tissue from three independent experiments consisting each of four individuals were used to construct cDNA indexed libraries and sequenced in a HiSeq2500 (Illumina) at 1x50 format, making a total of 12 sequenced libraries (tolerant and intolerant ecotype, control and submerged, all experimental triplicates) in a 2-lane format. RNA integrity, library construction and sequencing was performed as a service at the Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IBT-UNAM).Differential Gene Expression (DGE) analysis was performed with edgeR using a generalized linear model and false discovery rate <0.05 (FDR). To group differentially expressed transcripts a logFC value of 1.5 (up-regulated) or -1.5 (down-regulated) and a FDR <0.05x10-5 were selected. GO analysis of differential transcripts was performed at phytozome.org Results: We identified commonly up-regulated genes (317) and exclusively up-regulated in Bd2-3 (466) or Bd21 (706). Regarding down-regulation, 330 transcripts were common, an exclusively 851 and 1026 for Bd2-3 and Bd21, respectively. GO analysis indicated that oxidative stress, pathogen responses and nitric oxide homeostasis were the most differential characteristics of tolerant ecotype Bd2-3. Conclusions: The use of triplicate RNAseq data of transcriptomes expressed in ecotypes with contrasting tolerance to submergence under long-day light regime, allowed us to identify common responsive routes such as SUSY, glycolysis, anaerobic routes (alanine, ethanol, lactate, GABA) and glyoxylate cycle. It also enabled us to discover integrated oxidative stress and NO homeostasis pathways that are differentially expressed in the tolerant ecotype. We expect that this information can be translated to agricultural relevant plants to increase our knowledge and biotechnological possibilities on plant submergence stress.