Project description:Gene expression profiles of OSU-CLL cells were tested after exposure to CC-122 (0.1 and 1 micromolar), Lenalidomide (1 micromolar), or DMSO, at 5 and 24 hours
Project description:Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4CRBN, is the target of the immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Recently, it was demonstrated that binding of these drugs to CRBN promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of two common substrates, transcription factors Aiolos and Ikaros. Here we report that the pleiotropic pathway modifier CC-122, a new chemical entity termed pleiotropic pathway modifier binds CRBN and promotes degradation of Aiolos and Ikaros in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and T cells in vitro, in vivo and in patients, resulting in both cell autonomous as well as immunostimulatory effects. In DLBCL cell lines, CC-122-induced degradation or shRNA mediated knockdown of Aiolos and Ikaros correlates with increased transcription of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) independent of interferon α, β, γ production and/or secretion and results in apoptosis in both ABC and GCB-DLBCL cell lines. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the cell of origin independent anti-lymphoma activity of CC-122, in contrast to the ABC subtype selective activity of lenalidomide. Microarray analysis of the OCI-LY10 activated B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) cell line treated with the compound CC-122 for 18 hours
Project description:Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4CRBN, is the target of the immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Recently, it was demonstrated that binding of these drugs to CRBN promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of two common substrates, transcription factors Aiolos and Ikaros. Here we report that the pleiotropic pathway modifier CC-122, a new chemical entity termed pleiotropic pathway modifier binds CRBN and promotes degradation of Aiolos and Ikaros in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and T cells in vitro, in vivo and in patients, resulting in both cell autonomous as well as immunostimulatory effects. In DLBCL cell lines, CC-122-induced degradation or shRNA mediated knockdown of Aiolos and Ikaros correlates with increased transcription of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) independent of interferon α, β, γ production and/or secretion and results in apoptosis in both ABC and GCB-DLBCL cell lines. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the cell of origin independent anti-lymphoma activity of CC-122, in contrast to the ABC subtype selective activity of lenalidomide.
Project description:CC-122 is a next-generation cereblon E3 ligase modulating agent that has demonstrated promising clinical efficacy in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) patients. Mechanistically, CC-122 induces the degradation of IKZF1/3, leading to T cell activation and robust cell-autonomous killing in DLBCL. Here, we report a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 positive selection screen for CC-122 in a DLBCL cell line SU-DHL-4 with follow-up mechanistic characterization in 6 DLBCL cell lines to identify genes regulating the response to CC-122. Top-ranked CC-122 resistance genes encode not only well-defined members or regulators of the CUL4-DDB1-RBX1-CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, but also key components of several signaling and transcriptional networks that have not previously been shown to modulate the response to other cereblon modulators. Ablation of CYLD, NFKBIA, TRAF2, or TRAF3 induces hyper-activation of the canonical and/or non-canonical NF-κB pathways and subsequently diminishes CC-122-induced apoptosis in 5 out of 6 DLBCL cell lines. Depletion of KCTD5, the substrate receptor of the CUL3-RBX1-KCTD5 ubiquitin ligase complex, promotes the stabilization of its cognate substrate, GNG5, resulting in CC-122 resistance in HT, SU-DHL-4, and WSU-DLCL2. Furthermore, knockout of AMBRA1 renders resistance to CC-122 in SU-DHL-4 and U-2932, whereas knockout of RFX7 leads to resistance specifically in SU-DHL-4. The ubiquitous and cell line-specific mechanisms of CC-122 resistance in DLBCL cell lines revealed in this work pinpoint genetic alternations that are potentially associated with clinical resistance in patients, and facilitate the development of biomarker strategies for patient stratification, which may improve clinical outcome of CC-122 for R/R DLBCL.
Project description:Lenalidome is a drug especially effective in low risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with isolated 5q deletion. However, 25% of the patients did not respond. TP53 mutations have been described to play a role in the disease progression, and karyotypic complexity also has an important impact in the outcome. We selected 53 MDS patients with 5q deletion and treated with lenalidomide and we studied by the following techniques: conventional G-banding cytogenetics (CC), single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) and sequencing, in order to assess their impact on treatment response and disease progression. Low karyotypic complexity (by CC), a high baseline platelet count (>280x103/L) and TP53 unmutated gene status are associated with the achievement of hematological response (P=0.005, P=0.008 and P=0.057, respectively). In a multivariate model, the most important predictors for lenalidomide failure are karyotypic complexity (P=0.014) and a platelet count below 280x103/L (P=0.042). Additionally, none of the TP53 mutated cases achieved complete cytogenetics response. Nevertheless, inclusion of defects by SNP-A did not allow for a better separation of responders and non responders. These findings constitute a useful reference data to be considered before lenalidomide treatment enrollment.
Project description:We report the application of genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation based screening technology to identify genes whose inactivation can confer resistance to the IMiD compounds Lenalidomide, Pomalidomide and Avadomide (CC-122) in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-transformed primary effusion lymphoma cell line BC-3. Cas9 expressing BC-3 cells were transduced with a lentiviral genome-wide targeting sgRNA library (Brunello, Doench et al, Nature Biotechnology, 2016) and subsequently treated with lethal concentrations (5uM Lenalidomide, 1uM Pomalidomide and 1uM CC-122) of the IMiD compounds mentioned above or DMSO vehicle. gDNA from resistant cells and matched DMSO treated control cells was harvested and the lentiviral sgRNA inserts in each sample were PCR amplified, barcoded and subjected to next gen sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. This study provides a candidate list of genes whose inactivation can confer resistance to one or more IMiD compounds in BC-3 cells.
Project description:Lenalidome is a drug especially effective in low risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with isolated 5q deletion. However, 25% of the patients did not respond. TP53 mutations have been described to play a role in the disease progression, and karyotypic complexity also has an important impact in the outcome. We selected 53 MDS patients with 5q deletion and treated with lenalidomide and we studied by the following techniques: conventional G-banding cytogenetics (CC), single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) and sequencing, in order to assess their impact on treatment response and disease progression. Low karyotypic complexity (by CC), a high baseline platelet count (>280x103/L) and TP53 unmutated gene status are associated with the achievement of hematological response (P=0.005, P=0.008 and P=0.057, respectively). In a multivariate model, the most important predictors for lenalidomide failure are karyotypic complexity (P=0.014) and a platelet count below 280x103/L (P=0.042). Additionally, none of the TP53 mutated cases achieved complete cytogenetics response. Nevertheless, inclusion of defects by SNP-A did not allow for a better separation of responders and non responders. These findings constitute a useful reference data to be considered before lenalidomide treatment enrollment. Affymetrix SNP arrays were performed according to the manufacturer's directions on DNA extracted from bone marrow or peripheral blood and, in some cases, also lymphocytes CD3 isolated from peripheral blood samples. Copy number analyses of Affymetrix 250K and 6.0 SNP arrays were performed for 53 MDS with 5q deletion samples. There are also 30 samples from lymphocytes CD3 isolated from peripheral blood, which were used as germ-line DNA (control).
Project description:Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), such as lenalidomide provide a tool to enhance both direct anti-tumor and graft-versus-tumor effects after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHCT). However, early clinical experience with IMiDs after AHCT using adult peripheral blood (APB) as a stem cell source has been limited by induction of graft-versus-host disease. Characterization of the mechanisms by which IMIDs can modulate alloresponses of T-cells from different cell sources could facilitate more effective use of these drugs in the setting of AHCT. In this study we have used in vitro modelling to identify changes in alloresponses of APB and umbilical cord blood (UCB) T-cells after exposure to the widely used IMiD lenalidomide. We demonstrate that lenalidomide increases net alloproliferation of APB T-cells by selectively enhancing allospecific proliferation of CD8+ T-cells. These CD8+ T-cells have enhanced effector memory differentiation, are enriched for polyfunctional effectors, and have a distinct gene expression profile with altered expression of key immunoregulatory genes. In contrast, although lenalidomide treatment of UCB T-cells results in a similar increase in alloreactive effector CD8+ T-cells, it also reduces allospecific proliferation of CD4+ T-cells and selectively expands frequencies of CD4+ regulatory T-cells, resulting in a net reduction in UCB T-cell alloproliferation. Our findings show that lenalidomide has a qualitatively different impact on alloresponses of T-cells from different cell sources, with a potentially tolerogenic effect on UCB T-cells. These findings have important implications for the future use of IMiDs in the setting of AHCT.
Project description:Lenalidomide, an IMiD® immunomodulatory agent used for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM),is believed to target the stromal support, but its precise mechanism on the phenotype or the effector functions of macrophages is still unclear. To investigate the effect of lenalidomide on macrophages, M-CSF generated macrophages were treated with Lenalidomide and analyzed by RNA-seq.