Cohesin-mediated genome architecture does not define replication timing domains
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PROVIDER: PRJNA510579 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Cohesin-mediated genome architecture does not define replication timing domains
2019-03-08 | GSE124025 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6471042 | biostudies-literature
Project description:DNA replication is spatially and temporally regulated during S-phase. DNA replication timing is established in early G1-phase at a point referred to as TDP (timing decision point). We show that Rif1 (Rap1-interacting-factor1), originally identified as a telomere binding factor in yeast, is a critical determinant of the replication timing program in human cells. Depletion of Rif1 results in specific loss of mid-S replication foci profiles, stimulation of initiation events in early S-phase and changes in long-range replication timing domain structures. Overall replication timing is shifted toward mid-S in both directions, suggesting that replication timing regulation is abrogated in the absence of Rif1. Rif1 tightly binds to nuclear insoluble structures at late-M to early-G1 and regulates the chromatin-loop sizes. Furthermore, Rif1 colocalizes specifically with the mid-S replication foci. Thus, Rif1 establishes the mid-S replication domains that are restrained from being activated at early S-phase. Our results indicate that Rif1 plays crucial roles in determining the replication timing domain structures through regulating higher-order chromatin architecture. HeLa cells (ATCC), with a total of 4 individual replicates
2012-05-14 | E-GEOD-37971 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cohesin loss-of-function mutations are frequently observed in tumors, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that depletion of RAD21, a core subunit of cohesin, leads to massive genome-wide DNA breaks, up to five-fold, and 147 translocation hotspot genes that are co-mutated with cohesin in multiple cancers. Increased DNA damages are independent of RAD21-loss-induced transcription alteration and loop anchor elimination. However, damage-induced chromosomal translocations coincide with the asymmetrically distributed Okazaki fragments of DNA replication, suggesting that RAD21 depletion causes replication stresses evidenced by the slower replication speed and increased stalled forks. Mechanistically, approximately 30% of the human genome exhibits an earlier replication timing after RAD21 depletion, caused by the early initiation of >900 extra dormant origins. Correspondingly, most translocation hotspot genes lie in timing-altered regions. Therefore, we conclude that cohesin dysfunction causes replication stresses induced by excessive DNA replication initiation, resulting in gross DNA damages that may promote tumorigenesis.
2023-05-18 | GSE199712 | GEO
Project description:Cohesin loss-of-function mutations are frequently observed in tumors, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that depletion of RAD21, a core subunit of cohesin, leads to massive genome-wide DNA breaks, up to five-fold, and 147 translocation hotspot genes that are co-mutated with cohesin in multiple cancers. Increased DNA damages are independent of RAD21-loss-induced transcription alteration and loop anchor elimination. However, damage-induced chromosomal translocations coincide with the asymmetrically distributed Okazaki fragments of DNA replication, suggesting that RAD21 depletion causes replication stresses evidenced by the slower replication speed and increased stalled forks. Mechanistically, approximately 30% of the human genome exhibits an earlier replication timing after RAD21 depletion, caused by the early initiation of >900 extra dormant origins. Correspondingly, most translocation hotspot genes lie in timing-altered regions. Therefore, we conclude that cohesin dysfunction causes replication stresses induced by excessive DNA replication initiation, resulting in gross DNA damages that may promote tumorigenesis.
2023-05-18 | GSE200035 | GEO
Project description:Cohesin loss-of-function mutations are frequently observed in tumors, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that depletion of RAD21, a core subunit of cohesin, leads to massive genome-wide DNA breaks, up to five-fold, and 147 translocation hotspot genes that are co-mutated with cohesin in multiple cancers. Increased DNA damages are independent of RAD21-loss-induced transcription alteration and loop anchor elimination. However, damage-induced chromosomal translocations coincide with the asymmetrically distributed Okazaki fragments of DNA replication, suggesting that RAD21 depletion causes replication stresses evidenced by the slower replication speed and increased stalled forks. Mechanistically, approximately 30% of the human genome exhibits an earlier replication timing after RAD21 depletion, caused by the early initiation of >900 extra dormant origins. Correspondingly, most translocation hotspot genes lie in timing-altered regions. Therefore, we conclude that cohesin dysfunction causes replication stresses induced by excessive DNA replication initiation, resulting in gross DNA damages that may promote tumorigenesis.
2023-05-18 | GSE199269 | GEO
Project description:Eukaryotic chromosomes replicate in a temporal order known as the replication-timing program. In mammals, replication timing is cell type-specific with at least half the genome switching replication timing during development, primarily in units of 400-800 kilobases ('replication domains;), whose positions are preserved in different cell types, conserved between species, and appear to confine long-range effects of chromosome rearrangements. Early and late replication correlate, respectively, with open and closed three-dimensional chromatin compartments identified by high-resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), and, to a lesser extent, late replication correlates with lamina-associated domains (LADs). Recent Hi-C mapping has unveiled substructure within chromatin compartments called topologically associating domains (TADs) that are largely conserved in their positions between cell types and are similar in size to replication domains. However, TADs can be further sub-stratified into smaller domains, challenging the significance of structures at any particular scale.Moreover, attempts to reconcile TADs and LADs to replication-timing data have not revealed a common, underlying domain structure. Here we localize boundaries of replication domains to the early-replicating border of replication-timing transitions and map their positions in 18 human and 13 mouse cell types. We demonstrate that, collectively, replication domain boundaries share a near one-to-one correlation with TAD boundaries, whereas within a cell type, adjacent TADs that replicate at similar times obscure replication domain boundaries, largely accounting for the previously reported lack of alignment. Moreover, cell-type-specific replication timing of TADs partitions the genome into two large-scale sub-nuclear compartments revealing that replication-timing transitions are indistinguishable from late-replicating regions in chromatin composition and lamina association and accounting for the reduced correlation of replication timing to LADs and heterochromatin. Our results reconcile cell-type-specific sub-nuclear compartmentalization and replication timing with developmentally stable structural domains and offer a unified model for large-scale chromosome structure and function.
2014-11-20 | GSE51334 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Sixteen GSM Samples from GSE34399 was used to identify four different types of replication timing domains. Methods: 1. Chromosome 1 of Bj_Rep1 was manually annotated. 2. We developed a new supervised method called DNN-HMM (Deep Neural Network-Hidden Markov Model), and used the manual annotation as the training set to learn a model. 3. The model learnt in Step 2 was used to divide the un-annotated Repli-seq datas into four different replication domains (early replication domain, down transition zone, late replication domain, up transition zone). Result: We used DNN-HMM to identify four different replication timing domains respectively in fifteen cell lines. The accuracy of identification was about 87%, and the overlapping percentage of two independent replicates of Bj cell line was about 83%. Data File Formats :(bed) chrom - The name of the chromosome chromStart - The starting position of the feature in the chromosome chromEnd - The ending position of the feature in the chromosome category - The domain identified (denoted by: ERD, short for early replication domain; DTZ, short for down transition zone; LRD, short for late replication domain; UTZ, short for up transition zone)
2015-05-25 | GSE53984 | GEO
Project description:Cohesin loss-of-function mutations are frequently observed in tumors, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that depletion of RAD21, a core subunit of cohesin, leads to massive genome-wide DNA breaks, up to five-fold, and 147 translocation hotspot genes that are co-mutated with cohesin in multiple cancers. Increased DNA damages are independent of RAD21-loss-induced transcription alteration and loop anchor elimination. However, damage-induced chromosomal translocations coincide with the asymmetrically distributed Okazaki fragments of DNA replication, suggesting that RAD21 depletion causes replication stresses evidenced by the slower replication speed and increased stalled forks. Mechanistically, approximately 30% of the human genome exhibits an earlier replication timing after RAD21 depletion, caused by the early initiation of >900 extra dormant origins. Correspondingly, most translocation hotspot genes lie in timing-altered regions. Therefore, we conclude that cohesin dysfunction causes replication stresses induced by excessive DNA replication initiation, resulting in gross DNA damages that may promote tumorigenesis.
2023-05-18 | GSE199140 | GEO
Project description:Cohesin loss-of-function mutations are frequently observed in tumors, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that depletion of RAD21, a core subunit of cohesin, leads to massive genome-wide DNA breaks, up to five-fold, and 147 translocation hotspot genes that are co-mutated with cohesin in multiple cancers. Increased DNA damages are independent of RAD21-loss-induced transcription alteration and loop anchor elimination. However, damage-induced chromosomal translocations coincide with the asymmetrically distributed Okazaki fragments of DNA replication, suggesting that RAD21 depletion causes replication stresses evidenced by the slower replication speed and increased stalled forks. Mechanistically, approximately 30% of the human genome exhibits an earlier replication timing after RAD21 depletion, caused by the early initiation of >900 extra dormant origins. Correspondingly, most translocation hotspot genes lie in timing-altered regions. Therefore, we conclude that cohesin dysfunction causes replication stresses induced by excessive DNA replication initiation, resulting in gross DNA damages that may promote tumorigenesis.
2023-05-18 | GSE199137 | GEO