Silencing Trisomy 21 with XIST in Neural Stem Cells Promotes Neuronal Differentiation (bulk)
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PROVIDER: PRJNA517690 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Although Down Syndrome (DS) is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability in children, the developmental pathogenesis remains largely unknown, and better strategies are needed to investigate this. We previously showed that one copy of chromosome 21 can be epigenetically silenced in DS iPSCs by insertion of an XIST transgene, which produces a non-coding RNA that normally silences one X chromosome in female cells. XIST was shown to induce heterochromatin and silence transcription across chromosome 21 in pluripotent stem cells, the natural developmental context of XIST function. Prior literature indicated that initiation of chromosome silencing is only possible within 48 hours of mES cell differentiation, however it would be highly advantageous experimentally if trisomy silencing could be initiated in differentiated cells, and this is critical for any therapeutic potential of XIST. Here we use RNAseq and molecular cytology to investigate the effectiveness of XIST for trisomy silencing in cells undergoing in vitro neural differentiation and examine the potential cell phenotypic effects of chromosomal silencing. Induction of XIST from the onset of differentiation resulted in comprehensive silencing of chromosome 21 genes, providing a powerful approach to examine effects of trisomy on neurogenesis. To determine whether human neural stem cells can initiate XIST-mediated silencing, we induced XIST at several times during neural differentiation. We demonstrate for the first time that differentiated normal human cells can initiate chromosome silencing in response to XIST expression. While this process only takes a few days in pluripotent cells, we show that it takes 2-3 weeks in differentiated cells. Importantly, single-cell RNAseq revealed that cells which express XIST preferentially differentiate into neurons, providing evidence of phenotypic improvement with trisomy silencing, which is seen even when XIST is initiated weeks into differentiation. We are currently investigating whether silenced neurons show other non-chromosome 21 transcriptional changes suggestive of potentially improved function. These studies have important implications for the understanding of XIST biology and DS neurobiology, and also further open the possibility of a chromosomal therapy for DS using a single gene: XIST.
2020-01-23 | GSE125837 | GEO
Project description:Although Down Syndrome (DS) is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability in children, the developmental pathogenesis remains largely unknown, and better strategies are needed to investigate this. We previously showed that one copy of chromosome 21 can be epigenetically silenced in DS iPSCs by insertion of an XIST transgene, which produces a non-coding RNA that normally silences one X chromosome in female cells. XIST was shown to induce heterochromatin and silence transcription across chromosome 21 in pluripotent stem cells, the natural developmental context of XIST function. Prior literature indicated that initiation of chromosome silencing is only possible within 48 hours of mES cell differentiation, however it would be highly advantageous experimentally if trisomy silencing could be initiated in differentiated cells, and this is critical for any therapeutic potential of XIST. Here we use RNAseq and molecular cytology to investigate the effectiveness of XIST for trisomy silencing in cells undergoing in vitro neural differentiation and examine the potential cell phenotypic effects of chromosomal silencing. Induction of XIST from the onset of differentiation resulted in comprehensive silencing of chromosome 21 genes, providing a powerful approach to examine effects of trisomy on neurogenesis. To determine whether human neural stem cells can initiate XIST-mediated silencing, we induced XIST at several times during neural differentiation. We demonstrate for the first time that differentiated normal human cells can initiate chromosome silencing in response to XIST expression. While this process only takes a few days in pluripotent cells, we show that it takes 2-3 weeks in differentiated cells. Importantly, single-cell RNAseq revealed that cells which express XIST preferentially differentiate into neurons, providing evidence of phenotypic improvement with trisomy silencing, which is seen even when XIST is initiated weeks into differentiation. We are currently investigating whether silenced neurons show other non-chromosome 21 transcriptional changes suggestive of potentially improved function. These studies have important implications for the understanding of XIST biology and DS neurobiology, and also further open the possibility of a chromosomal therapy for DS using a single gene: XIST.
2020-01-23 | GSE125838 | GEO
Project description:Silencing Trisomy 21 with XIST in Neural Stem Cells Promotes Neuronal Differentiation
| PRJNA517686 | ENA
Project description:Silencing Trisomy 21 with XIST in Neural Stem Cells Promotes Neuronal Differentiation (single cells)
| PRJNA517689 | ENA
Project description:Down syndrome is a common disorder with enormous medical and social costs, caused by trisomy for Chr21. We tested the concept that gene imbalance across an extra chromosome can be de facto corrected in DS patient stem cells by manipulating a single gene, XIST. Using zinc finger nucleases, we targeted a large, inducible XIST transgene into the Chr21 DYRK1A locus, in DS pluripotent stem cells. XIST RNA coats Chr21 and triggers stable heterochromatin modifications, chromosome-wide transcriptional silencing and DNA methylation to form a “Chr21 Barr Body.” This provides a model to study human chromosome inactivation and creates a system to investigate genomic expression changes and cellular pathologies of trisomy 21, free from genetic and epigenetic noise. In this study, we used microarrays to understand the genome-wide impacts of inducible XIST expression on Chr21 in trisomy 21 human iPS cell lines, and to evaluate the extent of Chr21 silencing trisomic samples versus a disomic male iPS cell line.
2013-07-12 | GSE47014 | GEO
Project description:Down syndrome is a common disorder with enormous medical and social costs, caused by trisomy for Chr21. We tested the concept that gene imbalance across an extra chromosome can be de facto corrected in DS patient stem cells by manipulating a single gene, XIST. Using zinc finger nucleases, we targeted a large, inducible XIST transgene into the Chr21 DYRK1A locus, in DS pluripotent stem cells. XIST RNA coats Chr21 and triggers stable heterochromatin modifications, chromosome-wide transcriptional silencing and DNA methylation to form a M-bM-^@M-^\Chr21 Barr Body.M-bM-^@M-^] This provides a model to study human chromosome inactivation and creates a system to investigate genomic expression changes and cellular pathologies of trisomy 21, free from genetic and epigenetic noise. In this study, we used microarrays to understand the genome-wide impacts of inducible XIST expression on Chr21 in trisomy 21 human iPS cell lines, and to evaluate the extent of Chr21 silencing trisomic samples versus a disomic male iPS cell line. Three independently targeted subclones plus the parental Chr21 trisomic (non-targeted) iPS cell line were grown M-BM-1 doxycycline (2 M-BM-5g/ml) for 22 d. Normal male iPS line was also cultured for 22 d and total RNA was extracted with a High Pure RNA extraction kit (Roche) in triplicate for each, processed with a Gene Chip 3M-bM-^@M-^Y IVT Express Kit (Affymetrix), and hybridized to Affymetrix human gene expression PrimeView arrays. Array normalization was performed with Affymetrix Expression Console Software with Robust Multichip Analysis (RMA). Probesets with the top 60% of signal values were considered present and M-bM-^@M-^\expressedM-bM-^@M-^] and were used for all further analysis. In total 9 RNA samples were prepared in triplicate for a total of 27 arrays.
2013-07-12 | E-GEOD-47014 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7055611 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gene expression was measured in trisomy 21 and trisomy 13 human fetal samples. For TS21, regions assayed were cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, and cerebrum-derived astrocyte cell lines. Keywords = trisomy 21 Keywords = Down syndrome Keywords = aneuploidy Keywords = brain Keywords = heart Keywords = trisomy 13 Keywords: other
2005-05-10 | GSE1397 | GEO
Project description:Despite the prevalence and clinical importance of Down syndrome, little is known as to the specific cell pathologies that underlie this multi-system disorder. To understand which cell types and pathways are more directly impacted by trisomy 21, we used an inducible-XIST system to silence the extra chromosome 21 in a panel of patient-derived iPSCs. Transcriptomic analysis showed significant dysregulation of potentially impacting programming of multiple cell-types as well as Notch. Analysis revealed prominent dysregulation in two major cell type processes: neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is important for many systems impacted in Down syndrome but has been understudied. An in vitro assay for microvasculature formation used in a tightly controlled system reveals a novel cellular pathology that showed impairment in angiogenic response during tube formation. Results demonstrate that this is a cell-autonomous effect of trisomy 21 and transcriptomic analysis of differentiated endothelial cells shows deficits in known angiogenesis regulators. This study reveals a major unknown cell pathology caused by trisomy 21 and highlights the importance of endothelial cell function for Down syndrome pathologies, with wide reaching implications for development and disease progression.
2022-07-05 | GSE166849 | GEO
Project description:RNA-seq of lymphoblastoid cells from a family of individuals (one of which has Trisomy 21) was used to determine the molecular origin of dosage compensation in Trisomy 21.
2023-04-29 | GSE230995 | GEO