Project description:The role of cyclophosphamide (CTX) as a first-line chemotherapy drug in the reproductive health of young women with cancer has been controversial, especially considered to increase the risk of premature ovarian failure (POF). Therefore, in this study, c57bl/6 mice were treated by a single intraperitoneal injection of CTX.Our study suggests that CTX mainly regulates ovarian development by activate transcription factors, while reduce cholesterol production and lipid metabolism.
Project description:Chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage and infertility are significant concerns for women of childbearing age with cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Our study revealed a close association between the loss of H3K27me3 and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ovarian damage.
Project description:Chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage and infertility are significant concerns for women of childbearing age with cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Our study revealed a close association between H3K27me3 and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ovarian damage, especially in granulosa cells.
Project description:Analysis the effect of cyclophosphamide on splenocytes gene expression. Certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide can enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy because of their capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, it has been argued that this capacity may be more significant to chemotherapeutic efficacy in general than is presently appreciated. To gain insights into the core mechanisms of chemoimmunotherapy, we methodically profiled the effects of cyclophosphamide on gene expression in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood, and on cytokine expression in plasma and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice. Gene and protein expression were modulated early and transiently by cyclophosphamide, leading to upregulation of a variety of immunomodulatory factors, including danger signals, pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory mediators, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors. These factors are involved in sensing cyclophosphamide myelotoxicity and activating repair mechanisms, which, in turn, stimulate immunoactivation events that promote efficacy. In particular, cyclophosphamide induced a T helper 17 (Th17)-related gene signature associated with an increase in Th17, Th1 and activated CD25+CD4+Foxp3- T lymphocytes and a slight recovery of regulatory T-cells. By analyzing gene and protein expression kinetics and their relationship to the antitumor efficacy of different therapeutic schedules of combination, we determined that optimal timing for performing adoptive immunotherapy is approximately 1 day after cyclophosphamide treatment. Together, our findings highlight factors that may propel the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy, offering a mechanistic glimpse of the important immune modulatory effects of cyclophosphamide Four-condition experiment, Untreated mice - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 1 day - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 2 days - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 5 days. Biological replicates: 5, controls: 5, independently harvested. Two replicates per array.
Project description:Analysis the effect of cyclophosphamide on splenocytes gene expression. Certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide can enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy because of their capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, it has been argued that this capacity may be more significant to chemotherapeutic efficacy in general than is presently appreciated. To gain insights into the core mechanisms of chemoimmunotherapy, we methodically profiled the effects of cyclophosphamide on gene expression in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood, and on cytokine expression in plasma and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice. Gene and protein expression were modulated early and transiently by cyclophosphamide, leading to upregulation of a variety of immunomodulatory factors, including danger signals, pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory mediators, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors. These factors are involved in sensing cyclophosphamide myelotoxicity and activating repair mechanisms, which, in turn, stimulate immunoactivation events that promote efficacy. In particular, cyclophosphamide induced a T helper 17 (Th17)-related gene signature associated with an increase in Th17, Th1 and activated CD25+CD4+Foxp3- T lymphocytes and a slight recovery of regulatory T-cells. By analyzing gene and protein expression kinetics and their relationship to the antitumor efficacy of different therapeutic schedules of combination, we determined that optimal timing for performing adoptive immunotherapy is approximately 1 day after cyclophosphamide treatment. Together, our findings highlight factors that may propel the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy, offering a mechanistic glimpse of the important immune modulatory effects of cyclophosphamide
Project description:Analysis the effect of cyclophosphamide on bone marrow gene expression. Certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide can enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy because of their capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, it has been argued that this capacity may be more significant to chemotherapeutic efficacy in general than is presently appreciated. To gain insights into the core mechanisms of chemoimmunotherapy, we methodically profiled the effects of cyclophosphamide on gene expression in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood, and on cytokine expression in plasma and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice. Gene and protein expression were modulated early and transiently by cyclophosphamide, leading to upregulation of a variety of immunomodulatory factors, including danger signals, pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory mediators, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors. These factors are involved in sensing cyclophosphamide myelotoxicity and activating repair mechanisms, which, in turn, stimulate immunoactivation events that promote efficacy. In particular, cyclophosphamide induced a T helper 17 (Th17)-related gene signature associated with an increase in Th17, Th1 and activated CD25+CD4+Foxp3- T lymphocytes and a slight recovery of regulatory T-cells. By analyzing gene and protein expression kinetics and their relationship to the antitumor efficacy of different therapeutic schedules of combination, we determined that optimal timing for performing adoptive immunotherapy is approximately 1 day after cyclophosphamide treatment. Together, our findings highlight factors that may propel the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy, offering a mechanistic glimpse of the important immune modulatory effects of cyclophosphamide Four-condition experiment, Untreated mice - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 1 day - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 2 days - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 5 days. Biological replicates: 5, controls: 5, independently harvested. Two replicates per array.
Project description:Analysis of the effect of cyclophosphamide on peripheral blood leukocyte gene expression. Certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide can enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy because of their capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, it has been argued that this capacity may be more significant to chemotherapeutic efficacy in general than is presently appreciated. To gain insights into the core mechanisms of chemoimmunotherapy, we methodically profiled the effects of cyclophosphamide on gene expression in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood, and on cytokine expression in plasma and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice. Gene and protein expression were modulated early and transiently by cyclophosphamide, leading to upregulation of a variety of immunomodulatory factors, including danger signals, pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory mediators, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors. These factors are involved in sensing cyclophosphamide myelotoxicity and activating repair mechanisms, which, in turn, stimulate immunoactivation events that promote efficacy. In particular, cyclophosphamide induced a T helper 17 (Th17)-related gene signature associated with an increase in Th17, Th1 and activated CD25+CD4+Foxp3- T lymphocytes and a slight recovery of regulatory T-cells. By analyzing gene and protein expression kinetics and their relationship to the antitumor efficacy of different therapeutic schedules of combination, we determined that optimal timing for performing adoptive immunotherapy is approximately 1 day after cyclophosphamide treatment. Together, our findings highlight factors that may propel the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy, offering a mechanistic glimpse of the important immune modulatory effects of cyclophosphamide Four-condition experiment, Untreated mice - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 1 day - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 2 days - Cyclophosphamide-treated mice 5 days. Biological replicates: 4, controls: 4, independently harvested. Two replicates per array.
Project description:Analysis the effect of cyclophosphamide on bone marrow gene expression. Certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide can enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy because of their capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, it has been argued that this capacity may be more significant to chemotherapeutic efficacy in general than is presently appreciated. To gain insights into the core mechanisms of chemoimmunotherapy, we methodically profiled the effects of cyclophosphamide on gene expression in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood, and on cytokine expression in plasma and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice. Gene and protein expression were modulated early and transiently by cyclophosphamide, leading to upregulation of a variety of immunomodulatory factors, including danger signals, pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory mediators, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors. These factors are involved in sensing cyclophosphamide myelotoxicity and activating repair mechanisms, which, in turn, stimulate immunoactivation events that promote efficacy. In particular, cyclophosphamide induced a T helper 17 (Th17)-related gene signature associated with an increase in Th17, Th1 and activated CD25+CD4+Foxp3- T lymphocytes and a slight recovery of regulatory T-cells. By analyzing gene and protein expression kinetics and their relationship to the antitumor efficacy of different therapeutic schedules of combination, we determined that optimal timing for performing adoptive immunotherapy is approximately 1 day after cyclophosphamide treatment. Together, our findings highlight factors that may propel the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy, offering a mechanistic glimpse of the important immune modulatory effects of cyclophosphamide
Project description:Analysis of the effect of cyclophosphamide on peripheral blood leukocyte gene expression. Certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide can enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy because of their capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, it has been argued that this capacity may be more significant to chemotherapeutic efficacy in general than is presently appreciated. To gain insights into the core mechanisms of chemoimmunotherapy, we methodically profiled the effects of cyclophosphamide on gene expression in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood, and on cytokine expression in plasma and bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice. Gene and protein expression were modulated early and transiently by cyclophosphamide, leading to upregulation of a variety of immunomodulatory factors, including danger signals, pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory mediators, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors. These factors are involved in sensing cyclophosphamide myelotoxicity and activating repair mechanisms, which, in turn, stimulate immunoactivation events that promote efficacy. In particular, cyclophosphamide induced a T helper 17 (Th17)-related gene signature associated with an increase in Th17, Th1 and activated CD25+CD4+Foxp3- T lymphocytes and a slight recovery of regulatory T-cells. By analyzing gene and protein expression kinetics and their relationship to the antitumor efficacy of different therapeutic schedules of combination, we determined that optimal timing for performing adoptive immunotherapy is approximately 1 day after cyclophosphamide treatment. Together, our findings highlight factors that may propel the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy, offering a mechanistic glimpse of the important immune modulatory effects of cyclophosphamide
Project description:Development of chemotherapy has led to a high survival rate of cancer patients; however, severe side effects of anti-cancer drugs, including organ hypoplasia, persists. This study examined the molecular mechanism of the side effects of cyclophosphamide (CPA), a commonly used anti-cancer drug for the treatment of leukemia, and determined how to suppress the side effects using an organ culture system. Treatment with CPA disturbed the growth of tooth germs by inducing apoptosis and suppressing cellular proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, organs cultured at low-temperature could avoid the CPA-mediated inhibition of organ morphogenesis and differentiation. Cap analysis of gene expression of CPA-treated tooth germ revealed that the expression of genes related to the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint were down-regulated in the CPA-treated tooth germ cultured at low-temperature. In vitro analysis revealed that low-temperature impeded Rb phosphorylation and caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. This can prevent the CPA-mediated cell damage of DNA replication caused by the cross-linking reaction of CPA. Our results revealed that the side effects of CPA on organ development can be avoided by maintaining a low temperature. Further, this study provides a new screening model for assessing the effects of anticancer drugs on organ development.