Project description:Background: Grape is highly sensitive to gibberellin (GA), which is crucial during seed and berry development (SBD) either by itself or by interacting with other hormones, such as auxin, Abscisic acid (ABA), and Cytokinin (CK). However, no systematic analysis of GA metabolic and signal transduction (MST) pathway has been undertaken in grapevine. Results: In this study, total endogenous GA3 content significantly decreased during SBD, and a total of 48 known genes in GA metabolic (GAM; 31) and signal transduction (ST; 17) pathways were identified in this process. In the GAM pathway, out of 31 genes, VvGA20ox1-1, VvGA3ox4-1, and VvGA2ox1-1 may be the major factors interacting at the green-berry stage (GBS) accompanied with higher accumulation rate. GA biosynthesis was greater than GA inactivation at GBS, confirming the importance of seeds in GA synthesis. The visible correlation between endogenous GA3 content and gene expression profiles suggested that the transcriptional regulation of GA biosynthesis pathway genes was a key mechanism of GA accumulation at the stone-hardening stage (SHS). Interestingly, we observed a negative feedback regulation between VvGA3oxs-VvGAI1-4, VvGA2oxs-VvGAI1-4, and VvGID1B-VvGAI1-4 in maintaining the balance of GA3 content in berries. Moreover, 11 miRNAs may be involved in the modulation of GA MST pathway by mediating their target genes, such as VvGA3ox, VvGID1B, and VvGAMYB. Many genes in auxin, ABA, and CK MST pathways were further identified and found to have a special pattern in the berry, and the crosstalk between GA and these hormones may modulate the complex process during SBD through the interaction gene network of the multihormone pathway. Lastly, based on the expression characterization of multihormone MST pathway genes, a proposed model of the GA-mediated multihormone regulatory network during SBD was proposed. Conclusions: Our results provided novel insights into GA-mediated regulatory networks during SBD in grape. The complexity of GA-mediated multihormone ST in SBD was also elucidated, thereby providing valuable information for future functional characterizations of specific genes in grape.
Project description:Changes in gene expression during berry development during a grape growing season were analysed. The effect on gene expression of different viticultural practises during grape berry development was investigated in this study by comparing two pruning methods (spur versus machine). Grape berries were collected and pooled on a weekly basis to obtain a developmental series comprised of 17 developmental stages from flowering until harvest across the grape growing season for both spur and machine pruned vines. Gene expression patterns during development and between pruning treatments were obtained. Keywords: Time course, developmental series and treatments
Project description:The vacuole occupies a large portion of plant cell volume, it is especially true to fruit tissues. Berry flesh cell vacuole serves as storage organelle for water, sugars, acids, secondary metabolites and others, which largely determining berry quality (Fontes et al., 2011a, b; Shiratake and Martinoia, 2007, Conde et al., 2006). However, the molecular basis of these compartmentation processes is still poorly understood. As in many species, the major bottle neck to study these aspects in grapevine is to obtain highly purified vacuoles with a good yield (Fontes et al., 2010). Up to date, several vacuole or tonoplast proteome researches were applied on a few plants mainly on Arabidopsis thaliana, vacuoles or tonoplast were derived from mesophyll cells (Carter et al., 2004, Endler et al., 2006, Schulze, et al., 2012) or cell culture (Jaquinod et al 2006, Shimaoka et al 2004), cauliflower buds (Schmidt et al., 2007) and sugar beet taproots (Jung et al., 2015). Though the grape berry protoplasts and intact vacuoles were successfully isolated from Cabernet Sauvignon berry suspension-cultured cells (Fontes et al., 2010), the vacuoles isolated from grape berry or different development and ripening stages of grape berry mesocarp tissues were not achieved.
Project description:Grapevine is a popular fruit crop worldwide with essential economic importance. The grape berry undergoes complex biochemical changes from fruit set until ripening. To better understand this dynamic process, we applied mass spectrometry based platforms to analysis the metabolome and proteome of grape berries at 12 developmental stages covering the whole developmental process of grape berries. Primary metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism such as sugars, organic acids and amino acids metabolism together with various bioactive secondary metabolites like flavonols, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were annotated and quantified. At the same time, the proteomic analysis revealed the protein dynamics of the developing grape berries. Multivariate statistical analysis of the metabolomic and proteomic data revealed growing trajectories with minor difference indicating that grape berry development is a sequential process resulting in changes in all examined processes. The incorporation of the metabolomic and proteomic results allowed us to schematize representative metabolome and proteome candidates on sugar, glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. The overview of the metabolism dynamics on both protein and metabolite level unveiled the metabolism switch and adjustments during grape berry development.
Project description:SuperSAGE is a method of digital gene expression profiling that allows isolation of 26bp tag fragments from expressed transcripts. Because its tag size is larger than that of conventional SAGE, SuperSAGE allowed a secure tag-to-gene annotation using BLAST search against grape genome databases.Transcript profiles in nine samples of grape berry tissues under different light conditions were obtained by SuperSAGE analysis and used for screening the genes which have co-ordinated transcript profiles with the change in the flavonoid composition in the samples analyzed. Candidate genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation were identified. Nine different grape samples, i.e., flowers, grape berries of Cabernet Sauvignon at 2, 7, 9 weeks after flowering (WAF), berry skins at 17 days after flowering (DAF) shaded after flowering, and berry skins at 17DAF shaded from flowering to 14DAF and then light exposed, were analyzed.
Project description:Taste and color, which are important organoleptic qualities of grape berry, undergo rapid and substantial changes during development and ripening. In this study, we use two cultivars ‘Sanbenti’ and its bud sport ‘11-06-25’ to explore expression profiles differences and identify genes associated with total soluble solid (TSS) and total anthocyanins during grape berry development stages using RNA sequencing.
Project description:Changes in gene expression during berry development during a grape growing season were analysed. The effect on gene expression of different viticultural practises during grape berry development was investigated in this study by comparing two irrigation methods (standard versus prolonged deficit irrigation). Grape berries were collected and pooled on a weekly basis to obtaining a developmental series comprising of 17 developmental stages from flowering until harvest across the grape growing season for both standard and prolonged deficit irrigated vines. Gene expression patterns during development and between pruning treatments were obtained. Keywords: Time course, developmental series and treatments
Project description:Flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berry skin is affected by environmental factors such as light and temperature. However, the components of the light-signaling and low-temperature-induced ABA signaling networks related to flavonoid accumulation in grape berry skin have not been fully elucidated. To clarify details of the possible light- and ABA-related signal transduction networks, we performed comprehensive transcriptome analysis using grape berries cultured under different light and temperature conditions. We identified 40 light-inducible genes, 55 low-temperature-inducible genes, and 34 genes induced by light plus low temperature.