Global Analysis of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum when shifted from glucose to keratin
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PROVIDER: PRJNA555056 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:A cDNA microarray was constructed from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of different developmental stages, and comparative genome hybridization based on microarray procedures were carried out. Dermatophyte species are classified into three genera: Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. To determine the relationship between these three groups comparative genome hybridization were used in our experiment. Trichophyton rubrum genmic DNA was reference DNA and labelled by Cy3 while the other dermatophytes genomic DNA were test DNA and labelled by CY5. Test and reference DNA were co-hybridized with the T. rubrum cDNA microarray and the numbers of genes shared between each species and T. rubrum were determined. Keywords: Comparative Genomic Hybridization We used a Trichophyton rubrum cDNA microarray prepared in our lab through comparative genome hybridization of genomic DNA of 21 dermatophyte strains (belonging to 20 species) to elucidate the taxonomy and evolution profiles of 20 dermatophyte species. The numbers of genes shared between each species and T. rubrum were determined. Each strain DNA hybridized for 3 times. The slides were separated into three groups base on different datasets.
2010-05-03 | E-GEOD-7909 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:A cDNA microarray was constructed from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of different developmental stages, and comparative genome hybridization based on microarray procedures were carried out. Dermatophyte species are classified into three genera: Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. To determine the relationship between these three groups comparative genome hybridization were used in our experiment. Trichophyton rubrum genmic DNA was reference DNA and labelled by Cy3 while the other dermatophytes genomic DNA were test DNA and labelled by CY5. Test and reference DNA were co-hybridized with the T. rubrum cDNA microarray and the numbers of genes shared between each species and T. rubrum were determined. Keywords: Comparative Genomic Hybridization
2010-05-04 | GSE7909 | GEO
Project description:Dermatophytes are highly specialized filamentous fungi which cause the majority of superficial mycoses in humans and animals. The high secreted proteolytic activity of these microorganisms during growth on proteins is assumed to be linked with their particular ability to exclusively infect keratinized host structures such as skin stratum corneum, hair and nails. Individual secreted dermatophyte proteases were recently described and linked with the in vitro digestion of keratin. However, the overall adaptation and transcriptional response of dermatophytes during protein degradation is largely unknown. To address this question, we constructed a cDNA microarray for the human pathogenic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum, which is based on transcripts of the fungus grown on proteins. Gene expression profiling during growth of T. rubrum on soy and keratin displayed the activation of a large set of genes encoding endo- and exoproteases. In addition, other specifically induced factors with potential implication in protein utilization were identified, including heat shock proteins, transporters, metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and hypothetical proteins with unknown function. This broad-scale transcriptional analysis of dermatophytes during growth on proteins reveals new putative pathogenicity related host adaptation mechanism of these human pathogenic fungi. Keywords: Two-condition experiment, strong proteolytic activity in the supernatant versus no proteolytic activity Three independently prepared T. rubrum replicates grown in each of the three media, Sabouraud, soy and keratin-soy medium (designated SabA/B/C, soyA/B/C and keratin-soyA/B/C) were used. Pairwise transcriptional comparisons, i.e. soy versus Sabouraud, keratin-soy versus Sabouraud and keratin-soy versus soy were done. The total number of slides in this study was 9.
2008-12-30 | E-GEOD-11711 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: The dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum is an anthropophilic filamentous fungus that infects keratinized tissues and is the most common etiologic agent isolated in cases of human dermatophytoses. To better understand the molecular effects of stress responses and fungal adaptability, we evaluated the effects of acriflavine, a cytoxic drug, on T. rubrum transcriptome in a time-course assay using high-throughput RNA-seq technology. Results: RNA-seq generated approximately 200 million short reads that were mapped to the Broad Institute’s Dermatophyte Comparative Database before differential gene expression analysis. A subset of 490 genes modulated in response to stress caused T. rubrum exposure to acriflavine were identified. These genes are involved in various cellular processes such as oxidation-reduction reactions, transmembrane transport, metal ion binding, and pathogenicity. The genes involved in pathogenicity were down-regulated, suggesting that this drug interferes with virulence factors that allow the establishment and maintenance of host infection. Conclusion: The results obtained in this large-scale analysis provide insights into the molecular events underlying the stress responses of T. rubrum Acriflavine.
2015-03-05 | GSE40425 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: We evaluated T. rubrum transcriptome using high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology aiming to identify metabolic pathways modulated the development in keratin. Methods: T. rubrum strain CBS118892 was inoculated into 100 mL Sabouraud dextrose broth, and incubated under agitation at 28 °C for 96 h. Mycelia were aseptically transferred into 100 mL minimal medium (MM) at pH 5.0 containing 70 mM nitrate and 50 mM glucose (control) or 0.5% (w/v) bovine keratin (treatment) as the carbon source. The cultures were incubated under agitation at 28 °C for 24 h, 48 h, or 96 h. Equal amounts of RNA from three independent biological replicates of keratin or glucose cultures were sequenced with a Hiseq 2000 sequencer. Paired-end reads 150 bp in size were generated. Raw read data obtained were filtered for quality control by FastQC tool and trimmed with Trimmomatic to remove adapters and Illumina-specific sequences. Trimmed paired-end reads from each sample were aligned to the T. rubrum reference genome. Gene-level read counts were quantified with STAR’s ‘-quantModeGeneCounts’ parameter. Differential expression was analyzed with the DESeq2 bioconductor package. A Benjamini-Hochberg correction adjusted the P threshold and was applied to reveal statistically significant changes in gene expression levels. It was set to 0.05, with a log2 fold change ± 1.5 and postulated as a significantly modulated transcript abundance level. Genes surpassing these thresholds are hereinafter referred to as differentially expressed genes (DEG). They were functionally categorized with the Gene Ontology (GO) terms assigned by the Blast2GO algorithm. Highly represented categories were determined by enrichment analysis with the BayGO algorithm. Results: Our results present adaptive strategies in response to culture media. The global modulation in response to keratin supports fungal virulence and proper adaptation to the environment, in comparison to the availability of glucose as a carbon source. Conclusions: Our results revealed a profile of the adaptive events to the host environment, crucial to the establishment and maintenance of the infection. The observed metabolic modulation is necessary for fungus survival and perpetuation in the initial steps of the infective process in their host.
2019-09-19 | GSE134406 | GEO
Project description:Dermatophytes are highly specialized filamentous fungi which cause the majority of superficial mycoses in humans and animals. The high secreted proteolytic activity of these microorganisms during growth on proteins is assumed to be linked with their particular ability to exclusively infect keratinized host structures such as skin stratum corneum, hair and nails. Individual secreted dermatophyte proteases were recently described and linked with the in vitro digestion of keratin. However, the overall adaptation and transcriptional response of dermatophytes during protein degradation is largely unknown. To address this question, we constructed a cDNA microarray for the human pathogenic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum, which is based on transcripts of the fungus grown on proteins. Gene expression profiling during growth of T. rubrum on soy and keratin displayed the activation of a large set of genes encoding endo- and exoproteases. In addition, other specifically induced factors with potential implication in protein utilization were identified, including heat shock proteins, transporters, metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and hypothetical proteins with unknown function. This broad-scale transcriptional analysis of dermatophytes during growth on proteins reveals new putative pathogenicity related host adaptation mechanism of these human pathogenic fungi. Keywords: Two-condition experiment, strong proteolytic activity in the supernatant versus no proteolytic activity
2008-12-31 | GSE11711 | GEO
Project description:Conidia are considered to be the primary cause of skin and nail infections by Trichophyton rubrum. A cDNA microarray containing 10112 ESTs was developed and used to estimate the relative gene expression levels and changes of gene expression during conidial germination in time-course experiments. Keywords: time course
2007-03-27 | GSE5083 | GEO
Project description:A cDNA microarray was constructed from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of different developmental stages, and transcriptional profiles of the responses to 5-Flucytosine were determined. Keywords: Expression profiling by array The expression profiles of Trichophyton rubrum treated with 5-Flucytosine were compared to those of Trichophyton rubrum without drug. Each treatment has three replicates.
2010-05-19 | E-GEOD-12861 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We investigated the transcription profile of germinant conidia growth on protein substrates to widen the knowledge about relevant genes for pathogenecity, and also it was verified an encoding gene of adhesin like protein, which was modulated during the growth of T. rubrum on keratin. About 2.6 x 106 conidia/ mL solution was prepared from T. rubrum growth on Sabouraud for 15 days. The solution was inoculated in Cove's medium with nitrate and glucose (control), Cove's medium with 0.25% of elastin, and Cove's medium with 0.5% of keratin. These conditions were incubated for 24h, 36h and 72h. Two independent experiments were performed for each condition.
2016-08-01 | E-GEOD-69305 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Transcriptional changes of the human pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum related to dermatophyte-skin interaction
| PRJNA115711 | ENA