Characterization of Holstein and Normande whole milk miRNomes highlights breed specificities
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PROVIDER: PRJNA556024 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The concept of milk as a healthy food has opened the way for studies on milk components, from nutrients to microRNAs, molecules with broad regulatory properties present in large quantities in milk. Characterization of these components has been performed in several species, such as humans and bovine, depending on the stages of lactation. Here, we have studied the variation in milk microRNA composition according to genetic background. Using high throughput sequencing, we have characterized and compared the milk miRNomes of Holstein and Normande cattle, dairy breeds with distinct milk production features, in order to highlight microRNAs that are essential for regulation of the lactation process. In Holstein and Normande milk, 2,038 and 2,030 microRNAs were identified, respectively, with 1,771 common microRNAs, of which 1,049 were annotated and 722 were predicted. The comparison of the milk miRNomes of two breeds allowed to highlight 182 microRNAs displaying significant differences in the abundance. They are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and mammary morphogenesis and development, which affects lactation. Our results provide new insights into the regulation of molecular mechanisms involved in milk production.
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Project description:Effect of breed in mid lactation Holstein (H) and Montbéliarde (M) cows on mammary glande miRNA profile. Genetic polymorphisms are known to influence milk production and composition. However, genomic mechanisms involved in the genetic regulation of milk component synthesis are not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate gene expression. The objective of the present study was to compare mammary gland miRNomes of two dairy cow breeds, Holstein and Montbéliarde, with different dairy performances. Milk, fat, protein, and lactose yields were lower in Montbéliarde than in Holstein cows. MiRNomes obtained using RNA-Seq technology from the mammary glands of Holstein (n = 5) and Montbéliarde (n = 6) lactating cows revealed 623 distinct expressed miRNAs, among which 596 were known and 27 were predicted miRNAs. The comparison of their abundance in the mammary gland of Holstein versus Montbéliarde cows showed 22 differentially expressed miRNAs (Padj ≤ 0.05). Among them, 11 presented a fold change ≥2, with 2 highly expressed miRNAs (miR-100 and miR-146b). Without taking into account the fold change, the differential miRNA with the highest abundance was miR-186, which is known to inhibit cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Data mining showed that the 17 differentially expressed miRNAs with more than 20 reads on average, regulate mammary gland plasticity and may be related to the observed differences in milk production between Holstein and Montbéliarde, which are two breeds with different mammogenic potential. Some of the 17 miRNAs could potentially target mRNAs involved in signaling pathways (such as mTOR) and in lipid metabolism, thereby suggesting that they could influence milk composition. In conclusion, we showed differences in mammary gland miRNomes of two dairy bovine breeds. These differences suggest a potential role of miRNAs in mammary gland plasticity and in milk component synthesis related to milk production and composition.
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