M6A mRNA methylation is essential for oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelination
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA562595 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelin formation and axonal trophic support in the vertebrate CNS. While a number of factors have been discovered that regulate oligodendrocyte lineage progression, the exact molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. Emerging studies have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common internal RNA modification of mammalian mRNA, plays a critical role in various developmental processes. In this study, we demonstrate that oligodendrocyte lineage progression is accompanied by changes in m6A modification on numerous transcripts. In vivo conditional inactivation in oligodendrocyte lineage cells of an essential m6A writer component, METTL14, results in decreased oligodendrocyte numbers and CNS hypomyelination, although oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) numbers are normal. In vitro Mettl14 ablation disrupts post-mitotic oligodendrocyte maturation. In addition, Mettl14 ablation has distinct effects on OPC and oligodendrocyte transcriptomes. Together, our findings indicate that dynamic RNA methylation plays a critical regulatory role in oligodendrocyte development and CNS myelination.
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Project description:We performed genome-wide profiling of Tcf7l2 occupancy during oligodendrocyte differentiation and identified the key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism and essential for CNS myelination.
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Project description:The function of poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in myelination and remyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) remains enigmatic. Here we report that PARP1 is an intrinsic driver for oligodendroglial development and myelination. Genetic PARP1 depletion impairs the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes and impedes CNS myelination. Mechanistically, PARP1-mediated PARylation activity is not only necessary but also sufficient for OPC differentiation. At the molecular level, we identify the RNA-binding protein Myef2 as a PARylated target which controls OPC differentiation through PARylation-modulated de-repression of myelin protein expression. Furthermore, PARP1’s enzymatic activity is necessary for oligodendrocyte and myelin regeneration after demyelination. Together, our findings suggest that PARP1-mediated PARylation activity may be a potential therapeutic target for promoting OPC differentiation and remyelination in neurological disorders characterized by arrested OPC differentiation and remyelination failure such as multiple sclerosis.
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Project description:Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for nervous system development. Myelination requires dramatic cytoskeletal dynamics in oligodendrocytes, but how actin is regulated during myelination is poorly understood. We recently identified serum response factor (SRF)—a transcription factor known to regulate expression of actin and actin regulators in other cell types—as a critical driver of myelination in the aged brain. Yet, a major gap remains in understanding the fundamental role of SRF in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Here we show that SRF is required cell autonomously in oligodendrocytes for myelination during development. Combining ChIP-seq with RNA-seq identifies SRF-target genes in OPCs and oligodendrocytes that include actin and other key cytoskeletal genes. Accordingly, SRF knockout oligodendrocytes exhibit dramatically reduced actin filament levels early in differentiation, consistent with its role in actin-dependent myelin sheath initiation. Together, our findings identify SRF as a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of cytoskeletal genes required in oligodendrocytes for myelination. This study identifies a novel pathway regulating oligodendrocyte biology with high relevance to brain development, aging, and disease.
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Project description:Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for nervous system development. Myelination requires dramatic cytoskeletal dynamics in oligodendrocytes, but how actin is regulated during myelination is poorly understood. We recently identified serum response factor (SRF)—a transcription factor known to regulate expression of actin and actin regulators in other cell types—as a critical driver of myelination in the aged brain. Yet, a major gap remains in understanding the fundamental role of SRF in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Here we show that SRF is required cell autonomously in oligodendrocytes for myelination during development. Combining ChIP-seq with RNA-seq identifies SRF-target genes in OPCs and oligodendrocytes that include actin and other key cytoskeletal genes. Accordingly, SRF knockout oligodendrocytes exhibit dramatically reduced actin filament levels early in differentiation, consistent with its role in actin-dependent myelin sheath initiation. Together, our findings identify SRF as a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of cytoskeletal genes required in oligodendrocytes for myelination. This study identifies a novel pathway regulating oligodendrocyte biology with high relevance to brain development, aging, and disease.
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Project description:Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for nervous system development. Myelination requires dramatic cytoskeletal dynamics in oligodendrocytes, but how actin is regulated during myelination is poorly understood. We recently identified serum response factor (SRF)—a transcription factor known to regulate expression of actin and actin regulators in other cell types—as a critical driver of myelination in the aged brain. Yet, a major gap remains in understanding the fundamental role of SRF in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Here we show that SRF is required cell autonomously in oligodendrocytes for myelination during development. Combining ChIP-seq with RNA-seq identifies SRF-target genes in OPCs and oligodendrocytes that include actin and other key cytoskeletal genes. Accordingly, SRF knockout oligodendrocytes exhibit dramatically reduced actin filament levels early in differentiation, consistent with its role in actin-dependent myelin sheath initiation. Together, our findings identify SRF as a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of cytoskeletal genes required in oligodendrocytes for myelination. This study identifies a novel pathway regulating oligodendrocyte biology with high relevance to brain development, aging, and disease.
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Project description:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cellular functions, but their roles in myelination in the CNS remain undefined. Through de novo transcriptome reconstruction at multiple stages, we establish dynamic expression profiles of lncRNAs during oligodendrocyte lineage progression and uncover a cohort of oligodendrocyte-enriched lncRNAs. Co-expression network analysis reveals a cohort of lncRNAs is linked to protein-coding genes associated with oligodendrocyte maturation. We identify a conserved chromatin-associated oligodendrocyte-restricted lncRNA, lncOL1. Overexpression of lncOL1 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation in the developing brain, whereas genetic inactivation of lncOL1 causes defects in myelination and remyelination in the CNS. We further show that lncOL1 interacts with Suz12, a component of polycomb repressive complex 2, to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation in part through Suz12-mediated silencing of a differentiation inhibitory network that antagonizes OL maturation. Together, our findings demonstrate lncRNAs as a key layer of the genetic circuitry that controls CNS myelination and myelin repair.
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Project description:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cellular functions, but their roles in myelination in the CNS remain undefined. Through de novo transcriptome reconstruction at multiple stages, we establish dynamic expression profiles of lncRNAs during oligodendrocyte lineage progression and uncover a cohort of oligodendrocyte-enriched lncRNAs. Co-expression network analysis reveals a cohort of lncRNAs is linked to protein-coding genes associated with oligodendrocyte maturation. We identify a conserved chromatin-associated oligodendrocyte-restricted lncRNA, lncOL1. Overexpression of lncOL1 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation in the developing brain, whereas genetic inactivation of lncOL1 causes defects in myelination and remyelination in the CNS. We further show that lncOL1 interacts with Suz12, a component of polycomb repressive complex 2, to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation in part through Suz12-mediated silencing of a differentiation inhibitory network that antagonizes OL maturation. Together, our findings demonstrate lncRNAs as a key layer of the genetic circuitry that controls CNS myelination and myelin repair.
2016-12-28 | GSE82209 | GEO
Project description:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cellular functions, but their roles in myelination in the CNS remain undefined. Through de novo transcriptome reconstruction at multiple stages, we establish dynamic expression profiles of lncRNAs during oligodendrocyte lineage progression and uncover a cohort of oligodendrocyte-enriched lncRNAs. Co-expression network analysis reveals a cohort of lncRNAs is linked to protein-coding genes associated with oligodendrocyte maturation. We identify a conserved chromatin-associated oligodendrocyte-restricted lncRNA, lncOL1. Overexpression of lncOL1 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation in the developing brain, whereas genetic inactivation of lncOL1 causes defects in myelination and remyelination in the CNS. We further show that lncOL1 interacts with Suz12, a component of polycomb repressive complex 2, to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation in part through Suz12-mediated silencing of a differentiation inhibitory network that antagonizes OL maturation. Together, our findings demonstrate lncRNAs as a key layer of the genetic circuitry that controls CNS myelination and myelin repair.
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