BRD4 is necessary for epidermal differentiation
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA591618 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:BRD4 is an epigenetic reader known to bind to acetylated lysines on histones and transcription factors, and it has been implicated in recruiting transcriptional machinery to promote differentiation gene expression in multiple cellular contexts. This activity is dependant on proper BRD4 localization to active promoters and enhancers, which is dependant on a variety of factors including lineage determining transcription factors (LDTFs). We found BRD4 to be necessary for epidermal differentiation, during which it shares many chromatin binding sites with a variety of epidermal lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTF's). BRD4 also regulates a similar differentiation related transcriptional program with the epidermal LDTF KLF4.
2020-04-03 | GSE140992 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7483820 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Disrupted differentiation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, which in epidermis alone impact >25% of the population. In a search for dominant mediators of differentiation, we defined a requirement for the ZNF750 nuclear protein in terminal epidermal differentiation. ZNF750 controlled genes mutated in numerous human skin diseases, including FLG, LOR, LCE3B, ALOXE3, and SPINK5. ZNF750 potently induced progenitor differentiation via an evolutionarily conserved C2H2 zinc finger motif. The epidermal master regulator, p63, bound the ZNF750 promoter and was necessary for its induction. ZNF750 restored differentiation to p63-deficient tissue, suggesting it acts downstream of p63. A search for functionally important ZNF750 targets via analysis of ZNF750-regulated genes identified KLF4, a transcription factor that activates late epidermal differentiation genes. ZNF750 binds the Klf4 promoter and controls its expression. ZNF750 thus provides a direct link between a tissue-specifying factor, p63, and an effector of terminal differentiation, Klf4, and represents a potential future target for disorders of this process. Gene expression analysis: To establish a differentiation signature for primary human keratinocytes, with ZNF750-depleted, and Klf4-depleted, total RNA was isolated in biologic duplicate from cells in different conditions and hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U133 2.0 Plus arrays.
2012-02-15 | E-GEOD-32685 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The epigenomic reader Brd4 is an important drug target for cancers. However, its role in cell differentiation and animal development remains largely unclear. Using two conditional knockout mouse strains and derived cells, we demonstrate that Brd4 controls cell identity gene induction and is essential for adipogenesis and myogenesis. Brd4 co-localizes with lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) on active enhancers during differentiation. LDTFs coordinate with H3K4 mono-methyltransferases MLL3/MLL4 (KMT2C/KMT2D) and H3K27 acetyltransferases CBP/p300 to recruit Brd4 to enhancers activated during differentiation. Brd4 deletion prevents the enrichment of Mediator and RNA polymerase II transcription machinery, but not that of LDTFs, MLL3/MLL4-mediated H3K4me1, and CBP/p300-mediated H3K27ac, on enhancers. Consequently, Brd4 deletion prevents enhancer RNA production, cell identity gene induction and cell differentiation. Interestingly, Brd4 is dispensable for maintaining cell identity genes in differentiated cells. These findings identify Brd4 as an enhancer epigenomic reader that links active enhancers with cell identity gene induction in differentiation.
2017-11-17 | GSE99101 | GEO
Project description:Progenitor cells at the basal layer of skin epidermis play an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and enhancing wound repair in skin. The proliferation, differentiation, and cell death of epidermal progenitor cells have to be delicately regulated, as deregulation of this process can lead to many skin diseases, including skin cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in skin homeostasis remain poorly defined. In this study, with quantitative proteomics approach, we identified an important interaction between KDF1 (Keratinocyte Differentiation Factor 1) and IKKα (IκB kinase α) in differentiating skin keratinocytes. Ablation of either KDF1 or IKKα in mice leads to similar but striking abnormalities in skin development, particularly in skin epidermal differentiation. With biochemical and mouse genetics approach, we further demonstrate that the interaction of IKKα and KDF1 is essential for epidermal differentiation. To probe deeper into the mechanisms, we find that KDF1 associates with a deubiquitinating protease, USP7 (Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 7), and KDF1 can regulate skin differentiation through deubiquitination and stabilization of IKKα. Taken together, our study unravels an important molecular mechanism underlying skin tissue homeostasis and epidermal differentiation.
2020-05-13 | PXD015673 | Pride
Project description:Disrupted differentiation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, which in epidermis alone impact >25% of the population. In a search for dominant mediators of differentiation, we defined a requirement for the ZNF750 nuclear protein in terminal epidermal differentiation. ZNF750 controlled genes mutated in numerous human skin diseases, including FLG, LOR, LCE3B, ALOXE3, and SPINK5. ZNF750 potently induced progenitor differentiation via an evolutionarily conserved C2H2 zinc finger motif. The epidermal master regulator, p63, bound the ZNF750 promoter and was necessary for its induction. ZNF750 restored differentiation to p63-deficient tissue, suggesting it acts downstream of p63. A search for functionally important ZNF750 targets via analysis of ZNF750-regulated genes identified KLF4, a transcription factor that activates late epidermal differentiation genes. ZNF750 binds the Klf4 promoter and controls its expression. ZNF750 thus provides a direct link between a tissue-specifying factor, p63, and an effector of terminal differentiation, Klf4, and represents a potential future target for disorders of this process.
2012-02-15 | GSE32685 | GEO
Project description:It is becoming clear that interconnected functional gene networks, rather than single genes in isolation, govern stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. To identify potential epigenetic networks that impact on human epidermal stem cells we performed siRNA based genetic screens for 332 chromatin modifiers. We developed a Bayesian mixture model to predict putative functional interactions between those epigenetic modifiers that regulated differentiation. This allowed us to discover a network of genetic interactions involving EZH2, UHRF1 (both known to regulate epidermal self-renewal), ING5 (a MORF complex component), BPTF and SMARCA5 (NURF complex components). Genome-wide localisation and global mRNA expression analysis revealed that these factors impact two distinct but functionally related gene sets, including integrin extracellular matrix receptors that mediate anchorage of epidermal stem cells to their niche. Using a competitive epidermal reconstitution assay we confirmed that ING5, BPTF, SMARCA5, EZH2 and UHRF1 control differentiation under physiological conditions. Thus, regulation of distinct gene expression programs through the interplay between diverse epigenetic strategies protects epidermal stem cells from differentiation. Examination of genome-wide localisation of ING5 in primary human keratinocytes
2012-06-23 | E-GEOD-34556 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The aim of this study was to establish a deeply sequenced transcriptome at multiple timepoints during the differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes from the progenitor state (d0). These transcriptomes were then assembled in order to discover novel genes and transcriptional events that are dynamically regulated during terminal differentiation of a human somatic tissue. Paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on primary human keratinocytes at three timepoints during calcium-induced epidermal differentiation.
2012-02-02 | E-GEOD-35468 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Glucose is an important cellular energy source, however, glucose’s function as a second messenger remains relatively unexplored. Here, we find that glucose binds directly to DDX21 to regulate its function during epidermal differentiation. Specifically, glucose binds to the ATP-binding domain of DDX21 to induce a conformational change and inhibit helicase activity. Glucose binding inhibits the dimerization of DDX21 leading to re-localization from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and reassembly of DDX21 into larger protein complexes, increasing its association with splicing factors. This occurs during keratinocyte differentiation, where glucose accumulation is necessary, and results in DDX21 binding to RNA processing proteins and mRNA introns. Consequently, DDX21 regulates the splicing of key differentiation factors and promotes epidermal differentiation in a glucose-dependent manner. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of glucose regulation of cell signaling.
2023-01-02 | GSE215313 | GEO
Project description:Glucose is an important cellular energy source, however, glucose’s function as a second messenger remains relatively unexplored. Here, we find that glucose binds directly to DDX21 to regulate its function during epidermal differentiation. Specifically, glucose binds to the ATP-binding domain of DDX21 to induce a conformational change and inhibit helicase activity. Glucose binding inhibits the dimerization of DDX21 leading to re-localization from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and reassembly of DDX21 into larger protein complexes, increasing its association with splicing factors. This occurs during keratinocyte differentiation, where glucose accumulation is necessary, and results in DDX21 binding to RNA processing proteins and mRNA introns. Consequently, DDX21 regulates the splicing of key differentiation factors and promotes epidermal differentiation in a glucose-dependent manner. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of glucose regulation of cell signaling.
2023-01-02 | GSE189910 | GEO