Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA591748 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The trillions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract are an underexplored aspect of pharmacology. Despite numerous examples of microbial effects on drug efficacy and toxicity, there is often an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we dissect the inactivation of the commonly prescribed cardiac glycoside, digoxin, by Eggerthella lenta. Whole genome transcriptional profiling, comparative genomics, and culture-based assays revealed a cytochrome-encoding operon up-regulated by digoxin, absent in non-metabolizing E. lenta strains, and predictive of the efficiency of digoxin inactivation by the human gut microbiome. Digoxin inactivation was further enhanced by microbial interactions and inhibited by arginine. Pharmacokinetic studies using gnotobiotic mice revealed that increasing dietary protein reduces the in vivo metabolism of digoxin by E. lenta, with significant changes to drug concentration in the urine and serum. These results emphasize the importance of viewing pharmacology from the perspective of both our human and microbial genomes. RNA-Seq analysis of Eggerthella lenta cultured with or without digoxin.
2013-06-15 | E-GEOD-43919 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Adlercreutzia equolifaciens overview
| PRJNA219212 | ENA
Project description:Bile acids are not only crucial for the uptake of lipids, but also have widespread systematic ef-fects and shape the gut-microbiome composition. Bile acids can directly shape the gut-microbiome and can be modified by bacteria such as Eggerthella lenta which in turn plays a crucial role in host metabolism and immune response. We cultivated eight strains that represent a simplified human intestinal microbiome and inves-tigated the molecular response to bile acids, co-culturing with Eggerthella lenta and the combina-tion. We observed growth inhibition of particularly gram-positive strains during bile acid stress, which could be alleviated through co-culturing with Eggerthella lenta. The inhibition of growth was related to a decrease in membrane integrity and genotoxic effects of bile acids, which we investigated using zeta potential measurements in combination with proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Co-culturing with Eggerthella lenta alleviated stress through formation of oxidized and epimer-ized bile acids and the molecular response to co-culturing was seen to be strain specific. We also note that we could detect the recently described Microbial Bile Salt Conjugates in our cultures. This study highlights the significance of a potent bile acid modifier and how in-depth molecular analyses are required to decipher cross-communication between gut and host.
2023-02-24 | PXD035496 | Pride
Project description:The trillions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract are an underexplored aspect of pharmacology. Despite numerous examples of microbial effects on drug efficacy and toxicity, there is often an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we dissect the inactivation of the commonly prescribed cardiac glycoside, digoxin, by Eggerthella lenta. Whole genome transcriptional profiling, comparative genomics, and culture-based assays revealed a cytochrome-encoding operon up-regulated by digoxin, absent in non-metabolizing E. lenta strains, and predictive of the efficiency of digoxin inactivation by the human gut microbiome. Digoxin inactivation was further enhanced by microbial interactions and inhibited by arginine. Pharmacokinetic studies using gnotobiotic mice revealed that increasing dietary protein reduces the in vivo metabolism of digoxin by E. lenta, with significant changes to drug concentration in the urine and serum. These results emphasize the importance of viewing pharmacology from the perspective of both our human and microbial genomes.
2013-06-15 | GSE43919 | GEO
Project description:Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota affects brain function and behavior, including depressive behavior. Antidepressants are the main drugs used for treatment of depression. We hypothesized that antidepressant treatment could modify gut microbiota which can partially mediate their antidepressant effects. Mice were chronically treated with one of five antidepressants (fluoxetine, escitalopram, venlafaxine, duloxetine or desipramine), and gut microbiota was analyzed, using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. After characterization of differences in the microbiota, chosen bacterial species were supplemented to vehicle and antidepressant-treated mice, and depressive-like behavior was assessed to determine bacterial effects. RNA-seq analysis was performed to determine effects of bacterial treatment in the brain. Antidepressants reduced richness and increased beta diversity of gut bacteria, compared to controls. At the genus level, antidepressants reduced abundances of Ruminococcus, Adlercreutzia, and an unclassified Alphaproteobacteria. To examine implications of the dysregulated bacteria, we chose one of antidepressants (duloxetine) and investigated if its antidepressive effects can be attenuated by simultaneous treatment with Ruminococcus flavefaciens or Adlercreutzia equolifaciens. Supplementation with R. flavefaciens diminished duloxetine-induced decrease in depressive-like behavior, while A. equolifaciens had no such effect. R. flavefaciens treatment induced changes in cortical gene expression, up-regulating genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while down-regulating genes involved in neuronal plasticity. Our results demonstrate that various types of antidepressants alter gut microbiota composition, and further implicate a role for R. flavefaciens in alleviating depressive-like behavior.
2019-04-05 | GSE129359 | GEO