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A seven-membered cell wall related transglycosylase gene family in Aspergillus niger is relevant for cell wall integrity in cell wall mutants with reduced α-glucan or galactomannan

ABSTRACT: A seven-membered cell wall related transglycosylase gene family in Aspergillus niger is relevant for cell wall integrity in cell wall mutants with reduced α-glucan or galactomannan

PROVIDER: PRJNA597061 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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A seven-membered cell wall related transglycosylase gene family in Aspergillus niger is relevant for cell wall integrity in cell wall mutants with reduced α-glucan or galactomannan

Project description:Chitin is an important fungal cell wall component that is cross-linked to β-glucan for structural integrity. Acquisition of chitin to glucan cross-links has previously been shown to be performed by transglycosylation enzymes in S. cerevisiae, called Congo Red hypersensitive (Crh) enzymes. Here, we characterized the impact of deleting all seven gene members of the crh gene family (crhA-G) in Aspergillus niger on cell wall integrity, cell wall composition and genome-wide gene expression. In this study, we show that the seven-fold knockout strain shows slightly compact plate growth, but no increased sensitivity to cell wall perturbing compounds. Additionally, we found that the cell wall composition of this knockout strain was virtually identical to that of the wild type. In congruence with these data, genome-wide expression analysis revealed very limited changes in gene expression and no signs of activation of the cell wall integrity response pathway. However, deleting the entire crh gene family in cell wall mutants that are deficient in either galactofuranose (ΔugmA) or α-glucan (ΔagsE and ΔagsA, ΔagsE), resulted in a synthetic growth defect and an increased sensitivity towards Congo Red compared the parental strains. Altogether, these results indicate that loss of the crh gene family in A. niger does not trigger the cell wall integrity response in itself, but does play an important role in ensuring cell wall integrity in mutant strains with reduced galactofuranose or α-glucan.

2019-12-21 | GSE142461 | GEO

Epitope shaving and fungal immune evasion – cell wall proteomes

Project description:The cell wall provides a major physical interface between fungal pathogens and their mammalian host. This extracellular armour is critical for fungal cell homeostasis and survival. Yet essential cell wall moieties, such as β-1,3-glucan, are recognised as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that activate immune-mediated clearance mechanisms. We have reported that the opportunistic human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, masks β-1,3-glucan following exposure to lactate, hypoxia or iron depletion. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which C. albicans masks β-1,3-glucan have remained obscure. Here, we performed proteomic analysis of cell walls from C. albicans cells grown in hypoxia or lactate compared to glucose-grown controls to identify mechanisms driving β-1,3-glucan masking.

2020-06-15 | PXD018027 | Pride

A seven-membered cell wall related transglycosylase gene family in <i>Aspergillus niger</i> is relevant for cell wall integrity in cell wall mutants with reduced α-glucan or galactomannan.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC7389268 | biostudies-literature

Dynamic transcript abundance during cellularisation of the developing barley endosperm: Temporal regulation of cell wall synthesis

Project description:Grain development in the Poaceae defines important end-use properties such as yield, quality and nutritive value. Microarray analyses have been performed on barley grain endosperm extracts from three to eight days after pollination (DAP), when cellularization of the syncytium occurs through the growth of cell walls around individual nuclei. Profiling of transcripts differentially expressed over time reveal 56 specific modules of genes that cluster into 15 groups. Expression patterns have been superimposed upon microscopy data, which identify the timing of key stages in grain development. Thus, cellularization is complete at six DAP, aleurone-related genes can be detected at seven to eight DAP, and starch synthase and hordein genes increase dramatically at seven and eight DAP, respectively. Genes known to be involved in cell wall metabolism are found predominantly in a single module, but analysis using a gene ontology approach splits these genes into four modules, which remain in a single cluster. Transcript levels of the cell wall-related genes peak at seven DAP and the developmental patterns of genes involved in arabinoxylan and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis are defined. The transcript data are publicly available (www.etc.) and can be used to interrogate co-expression and differential expression patterns for other groups of genes. In addition, the examination of transcription factor genes that are co-expressed in modules of genes involved in specific processes, such as aleurone differentiation, can be used to identify candidate genes for the control of those particular processes during barley grain development.

2016-02-01 | E-MTAB-2728 | biostudies-arrayexpress

glucan

Project description:glucan Raw sequence reads

| PRJNA820361 | ENA

Re-masking of fungal cell wall PAMPs in response to environmental pH is regulated by multiple processes

Project description:Candida albicans is a commensal yeast of the human gut, which is tolerated by the immune system, but has the potential to become an opportunistic pathogen. One way in which C. albicans achieves this duality is through the concealing, or exposure of cell wall associated pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in response to host derived environment cues (pH, hypoxia, lactate). This cell wall remodelling allows C. albicans to evade or hyperactivate the host’s innate immune responses leading to disease. Previously we identified that adaptation of C. albicans to acidic environments, conditions encountered during colonisation of the female reproductive tract, induce significant cell wall remodelling resulting in the exposure of two key fungal PAMPs (glucan and chitin). Here we report that this pH-dependent cell wall remodelling is a highly dynamic process, requiring periods of both cell wall unmasking, with peak PAMP exposure occurring between 2-4 hrs, followed by subsequent PAMP remasking. b-glucan remasking was mediated via the cell density dependent fungal quorum sensing molecule farnesol, while chitin remasking was mediated via a small, heat-stable, non-proteinaceous secreted molecule(s). Transcript profiling identified a core set of 42 genes significantly regulated by pH over time, and linked the transcription factor Efg1p to being the main regulator of chitin exposure through regulation of CHT2. This dynamic cell wall remodelling, influenced innate immune recognition of C. albicans, suggesting that during infection C. albicans can manipulate the host innate immune responses.

2019-10-16 | GSE130948 | GEO

The role of HIF-1 in beta-glucan induced response in myeloid cell

Project description:beta-glucan induced glycolysis in HIF-1 depedent manner. We reported that beta-glucan injection in mice led to upregulated glycolysis. HIF-1a plays a major role in this process. Mice receives beta-glucan via ip for 4 days. Splenocytes were isolated for RNA sequencing.

2014-09-26 | E-GEOD-57206 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide analysis of mDC transcriptional response to cyclic glucan

Project description:Analysis of transcriptional profiles in mDC sorted from apheresed PBMC and stimulated for 6 hours with cyclic glucan or LPS. The hypothesis tested is that cyclic glucan induces maturation and T cell-activation transcripts in human mDC. Total RNA extracted from mDC sorted from apheresed PBMC and activated for 6 hours with cyclic glucan or LPS.

2012-12-31 | E-GEOD-32023 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Dynamic study of the cell wall integrity signaling pathway in Aspergillus nidulans

Project description:A phosphoproteomic evaluation of the cellular response to micafungin (cell wall perturbant) in the filamentous fungi, A. nidulans, reveals putative, currently unknown cell wall integrity signaling (CWIS) associated proteins. This study used thirteen timepoints were taken from 0 to 10 minutes after cell wall exposure with two biological and two technical replicates. All data was processed using label free quantification with MaxQuant software.

2020-07-16 | PXD015038 | Pride

A Lignin Molecular Brace Controls Precision Processing of Cell Wall Critical for Surface Integrity in Arabidopsis

Project description:The cell wall is a defining feature of plant cells and glues cells to each other. To overcome this physical constraint, plants must process and disconnect cell wall linkages during growth and development. However, little is known about the mechanism guiding cell-cell detachment and cell wall remodeling. Here, we identify two neighboring cell types in Arabidopsis that coordinate their activities to control cell wall processing, thereby ensuring precise abscission to discard organs. One cell type produces a honeycomb structure of lignin, which acts as a mechanical ‘brace’ to localize cell wall breakdown and spatially limit abscising cells. The second cell type undergoes transdifferentiation into epidermal cells, forming protective cuticle, demonstrating de novo specification of epidermal cells, previously thought to be restricted to embryogenesis. Loss of the lignin brace leads to inadequate cuticle formation, resulting in surface barrier defects and susceptible to infection. Altogether, we show how plants precisely accomplish abscission.

2018-12-31 | GSE110213 | GEO

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