Retinoic acid signaling within pancreatic endocrine progenitors regulates mouse and human pancreatic islet cell specification
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PROVIDER: PRJNA605435 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is essential for multiple developmental processes, including appropriate pancreas formation from the foregut endoderm. RA is also required to generate pancreatic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. However, the role of RA during the later stages of pancreas development is not well understood. In this study, we generated an inducible system to block RA signaling and demonstrate that disruption of the RA pathway within the Neurog3-expressing endocrine progenitor population is required for appropriate mouse b cell differentiation and repression of critical d cell genes, including Somatostatin. In addition, inhibition of the RA pathway in hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors downstream of NEUROG3 induction impairs INSULIN expression. We further determined that RA-regulation of endocrine cell differentiation is mediated through Wnt pathway components. Together, these data demonstrate the importance of RA signaling in endocrine specification and identify conserved mechanisms by which RA signaling directs endocrine cell fate.
2020-06-02 | GSE144953 | GEO
Project description:Identification of protein intreactions for the synaptotagmin 13 protein from MDCK cells by BioID-based proximity labelling and LFQ mass spectrometry. Epithelial cell egression is important for organ development and cell differentiation, but also drives cancer metastasis. The tightly connected pancreatic epithelial differentiation and morphogenesis generate islets of Langerhans. However, the morphogenetic drivers and molecular mechanisms are largely unresolved. Here we identify the uncharacterized Synaptotagmin 13 (Syt13) as a major regulator of endocrine cell egression and islet morphogenesis and differentiation. We detected upregulation of Syt13 in endocrine precursors that associates with increased expression of several unique cytoskeletal components. High-resolution imaging reveals a previously unidentified apical-basal to front-rear repolarization during endocrine cell egression. Strikingly, Syt13 directly interacts with acetylated tubulin and phosphoinositide phospholipids to be recruited to the leading edge of egressing cells. Knockout of Syt13 discloses the impairment in endocrine cell egression and skews the α-to-β-cell ratio. At mechanistic levels, Syt13 regulates protein endocytosis to remodel the basement membrane and modulate cell-matrix adhesion at the leading edge of egressing endocrine cells. Altogether, these findings implicate that Ca2+-independent atypical Syt13 vesicular protein functions in regulating cell polarity to orchestrate endocrine cell egression and tissue morphogenesis.
2022-06-23 | PXD026699 | Pride
Project description:Identification of protein complexes for the synaptotagmin 13 protein from MDCK cells by Strep affinity purificaiton and LFQ mass spectrometry. Epithelial cell egression is important for organ development and cell differentiation, but also drives cancer metastasis. The tightly connected pancreatic epithelial differentiation and morphogenesis generate islets of Langerhans. However, the morphogenetic drivers and molecular mechanisms are largely unresolved. Here we identify the uncharacterized Synaptotagmin 13 (Syt13) as a major regulator of endocrine cell egression and islet morphogenesis and differentiation. We detected upregulation of Syt13 in endocrine precursors that associates with increased expression of several unique cytoskeletal components. High-resolution imaging reveals a previously unidentified apical-basal to front-rear repolarization during endocrine cell egression. Strikingly, Syt13 directly interacts with acetylated tubulin and phosphoinositide phospholipids to be recruited to the leading edge of egressing cells. Knockout of Syt13 discloses the impairment in endocrine cell egression and skews the α-to-β-cell ratio. At mechanistic levels, Syt13 regulates protein endocytosis to remodel the basement membrane and modulate cell-matrix adhesion at the leading edge of egressing endocrine cells. Altogether, these findings implicate that Ca2+-independent atypical Syt13 vesicular protein functions in regulating cell polarity to orchestrate endocrine cell egression and tissue morphogenesis.
2023-12-28 | PXD026698 | Pride
Project description:During embryonic development, islet progenitors are specified from pancreatic duct cells by transient expression of Neurog3, a transcription factor necessary and sufficient for initiation of islet development. To understand the dynamics of Neurog3-dependent endocrine cell fate determination, in this study we used ATAC-Seq to identify accessible genomic regions of purified duct, endocrine progenitor, and endocrine cells isolated from mice with varying Neurog3 dosage
2020-04-01 | GSE65794 | GEO
Project description:This experiment used RNA-Seq technology to explore gene expression in mouse Ngn3^GFP/+ [het] FACS sorted pancreatic cells at E15.5 (commited endocrine progenitor cells) and in Ngn3^GFP/GFP [null] at E15.5 (defective endocrine progenitor cells). This experiment is designed to understand the gene expression alteration in the endocrine lineage at different embryonic days. The aim is to understand both Ngn3 dependent and independent gene expression profiles so as to reveal the instructive signals that specfy the collective endocrine islet cell fate or specific islet cell type.
2015-10-01 | E-MTAB-3352 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells from human pluripotent stem cells has been thoroughly investigated for their application in cell therapy against diabetes. Although non-endocrine cells are inevitable contaminating by-products of the differentiation process, a comprehensive profile of such cells is lacking. Therefore, we characterized non-endocrine cells in iPSC-derived pancreatic islet cells (iPIC) using single-cell transcriptomic analysis. We found that non-endocrine cells consist of 1) heterogeneous proliferating cells, and 2) cells with not only pancreatic traits but also liver or intestinal traits marked by FGB or AGR2. Non-endocrine cells specifically expressed FGFR2, PLK1, and LDHB. We demonstrated that inhibition of pathways involving these genes selectively reduced the number of non-endocrine cells in the differentiation process. These findings provide useful insights into cell purification approaches and contribute to the improvement of the mass production of endocrine cells for stem cell-derived cell therapy for diabetes.
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Project description:Endocrine enriched genes in adult islet beta cells were identified and compared with that of induced beta cells (with M3 transcription factors) in adult. The control sample is non-beta pancreatic cells.
2008-07-08 | GSE12025 | GEO
Project description:Aging-related degeneration of pancreatic islet cells contributes to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Endocrine cells age heterogeneously, complicating the effort to unravel the molecular drives underlying endocrine aging. To overcome these obstacles, we undertook single-cell RNA sequencing of pancreatic islet cells obtained from young and aged non-diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. Despite sex differences and increased single-cell level transcriptional variations, aged β-cells showed increased unfolded protein response (UPR) along with the accumulation of protein aggregates. We observed transcriptomic dysregulation of UPR components linked to canonical ATF6 and IRE1 signaling, comprising adaptive UPR during pancreatic aging. Notably, we found age-related β-cell-specific upregulation of HSP90B1, an ER-located chaperone, impeded high glucose-induced insulin secretion. Our work decodes aging-associated transcriptomic changes that underlie pancreatic islet functional decay at the single-cell resolution and indicates that targeting UPR components may prevent loss of proteostasis, suggesting an avenue for therapies to delay β-cell aging and prevent aging-related diabetes.
2020-06-11 | GSE120180 | GEO
Project description:Endocrine enriched genes in adult islet beta cells were identified and compared with that of induced beta cells (with M3 transcription factors) in adult. The control sample is non-beta pancreatic cells. Gene expression profile comparison of 3 samples, 3 independent repeats for each sample indicate a high degree of similarity between endogenous and induced beta cells in adult mouse.
2008-07-08 | E-GEOD-12025 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Endoderm cells undergo a sequence of fate choices to generate insulin-secreting M-NM-2 cells. Studies of chromatin transitions during this process have been limited to the pancreatic progenitor stage that can be reconstituted from stem cells in vitro, with a gap in understanding the induction of endocrine cells. To address this, we established conditions for isolating endoderm cells, pancreatic progenitors, and endocrine cells from different staged embryos and performed genome wide analysis of the H3K27me3 mark of the repressive Polycomb complex. During the transition from endoderm to pancreas progenitors and during the transition from pancreas progenitors to endocrine cells, genes that lose the H3K27me3 mark typically encode transcriptional regulators, whereas genes that acquire the mark typically are involved in cell biology morphogenesis. Precocious depletion of the EZH2, a H3K27 methylase, at the pancreas progenitor stage enhanced the production of endocrine cells, leading to a later increase in pancreatic beta cells. Similarly, pharmacologic inhibition of EZH2 in embryonic pancreatic tissue explants and human embryonic stem cell cultures led to an increase in endocrine progenitors in vitro. These findings reveal a repeating target gene pattern in H3K27me3 dynamics and provide a means to modulate M-NM-2 cell development from stem cells. Analyzed five FACS-sorted tissues in early mouse embryo; for each tissue we sequenced H3K27me3 and input; no replicates
2014-07-28 | E-GEOD-56617 | biostudies-arrayexpress