Project description:Nowadays one of the main challenges is moving towards an eco-sustainable agriculture, able to preserve the food production through a reduced use of pesticides. The current global food sustenance by intensive agriculture mainly based on economic crop monocultures drastically reduces the biodiversity increasing the yield losses due to biotic and abiotic stress. To try to ensure yield stability also enhancing the plant resistance responses to promote an eco-sustainable management of plant diseases, a technology based on plasma activated water (PAW), characterized by the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, was tested. Differential expression levels of selected genes involved in the plant defence pathways and the microRNAs composition in PAW treated- micropropagated periwinkle shoots and grapevines were analyzed. The results indicate that PAW treatment enhances plant defence responses at both, transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, leading to an increased synthesis in periwinkle of vinblastine and vindoline, anti-oxidant compounds employed in the pharmaceutical industry and in grapevine of resveratrol that is an important compound for human health.
Project description:Induced plant responses to insect herbivores are well studied, but we know very little about responses to gastropod feeding. We aim to identify the temporal dynamics of signalling- and defence-related plant responses after slug feeding in relation to induced resistance. We exposed Solanum dulcamara plants to feeding by the grey field slug (GFS; Deroceras reticulatum) for different periods and tested discs of local and systemic leaves in preference assays. Induced responses were analysed using metabolomics and transcriptomics. GFS feeding induced local and systemic responses. Slug feeding for 72h more strongly affected the plant metabolome than 24h feeding. It increased the levels of a glycoalkaloid (solasonine), phenolamides, anthocyanins, and trypsin protease inhibitors as well as polyphenol oxidase activity. Phytohormone and transcriptome analyses revealed that jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and salicylic acid signalling were activated. GFS feeding upregulated more genes than that it downregulated. The response directly after feeding was more than five times higher than after an additional 24h without feeding. Our research showed that GFS, like most chewing insects, triggers anti-herbivore defences by activating defence signalling pathways, resulting in increased resistance to further slug feeding. Slug herbivory may therefore impact other herbivores in the community.
Project description:ra13-03_pyo - effect of pseudomonas fluorescens pyoverdine on a.thaliana defence responses and iron homeostasis - Analyse de l’effet d’un traitement par la pyoverdine sur les gènes liés à l’homéostasie du fer et à l’induction des réactions de défense. - Arabidopsis thaliana plants cultivated in hydroponic conditions were treated for 3 days by pyoverdin, a bacteriosiderophore from Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12 in a medium supplemented or deprived of iron.
Project description:Phytohormones are involved in diverse aspects of plant life including the regulation of plant growth, development and reproduction, as well as governing stress and defence responses. We have generated a comprehensive transcriptional reference map of the early potato responses to exogenous application of the defence hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Amongst microarray probes representing the 39000 predicted genes, a total of 3175 and 2873 probes were significantly differentially expressed at 1 h and 6 h after hormone treatment, respectively. Marker genes identified for the early hormone responses in potato include: a homeodomain 20 transcription factor (DMG400000248) for abscisic acid; a SAUR gene (DMG400016561) induced in Epibrassinolide treated plants at 6 hours; an osmotin gene (DMG400003057) specifically enhanced by the ethylene precursor aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid; a gene weakly similar to AtWRKY40 (DMG402007388) that was induced by salicylic acid and; a jasmonate ZIM-domain protein 1 (DMG400002930) which was specifically activated by methyl jasmonate. An online database has been set up to query the expression patterns of potato genes represented on the microarray that can also incorporate future microarray or RNAseq-based expression studies.
Project description:ra13-03_pyo - effect of pseudomonas fluorescens pyoverdine on a.thaliana defence responses and iron homeostasis - Analyse de l’effet d’un traitement par la pyoverdine sur les gènes liés à l’homéostasie du fer et à l’induction des réactions de défense. - Arabidopsis thaliana plants cultivated in hydroponic conditions were treated for 3 days by pyoverdin, a bacteriosiderophore from Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12 in a medium supplemented or deprived of iron. 12 dye-swap - organ comparison,treated vs untreated comparison
Project description:Little is known about the earliest transcriptomic events in plasma cell differentiation. Indeed, activation of UPR-affiliated gene expression is seen in in-vitro plasma cell differentiation prior to Blimp1 upregulation and in the absence of Xbp1 as we show in linked companion series. In this study, Blimp1 reporter mice were immunized with the T-independent antigen NP-LPS four days prior to spleen harvest and naïve B cells, NP-binding activated B cells and NP-binding plasma cells were analyzed by bulk RNA-seq. Here we report the activation of ER remodeling gene expression in antigen-specific activated B cells in-vivo prior to upregulation of Blimp1 transcription.
Project description:B cells encounter antigen to activate and then differentiate into plasma cells. Both multiple myeloma (MM) and some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are characterized with abnormal production of plasma cells. In both diseases, the process of B cells differentiate into plasma cell is disordered. To explore the novel therapeutic target to the process from naïve B cells to plasma cells via activated B cells, we determined the gene expression profile in activated B cells by affymetrix microarrays. Splenic activated CD5+B cells were sorted from 7-9-week female C57BL/6 mice by FACS and from EAE (MOG-induced chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice is an animal model for MS) by CD19 microbeads, respectively. The transcripts in B cells were determined by Affymetrix Microarrays.