Oncogenic c-Myc induces replication stress by increasing cohesins chromatin occupancy
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA611836 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Oncogenic c-Myc induces replication stress via increasing the amount of cohesins bound to chromatin accumulating at CTCF sites
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Project description:c-MYC (MYC) overexpression or hyperactivation is one of the most common drivers of human cancer. Despite intensive study, the MYC oncogene remains recalcitrant to therapeutic inhibition. Like other classic oncogenes, hyperactivation of MYC leads to collateral stresses onto cancer cells, suggesting that tumors harbor unique vulnerabilities arising from oncogenic activation of MYC. Herein, we discover the spliceosome as a new target of oncogenic stress in MYC-driven cancers. We identify BUD31 as a MYC-synthetic lethal gene, and demonstrate that BUD31 is a splicing factor required for the assembly and catalytic activity of the spliceosome. Core spliceosomal factors (SF3B1, U2AF1, and others) associate with BUD31 and are also required to tolerate oncogenic MYC. Notably, MYC hyperactivation induces an increase in total pre-mRNA synthesis, suggesting an increased burden on the core spliceosome to process pre-mRNA. In contrast to normal cells, partial inhibition of the spliceosome in MYC-hyperactivated cells leads to global intron retention, widespread defects in pre-mRNA maturation, and deregulation of many essential cell processes. Importantly, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the spliceosome in vivo impairs survival, tumorigenicity, and metastatic proclivity of MYC-dependent breast cancers. Collectively, these data suggest that oncogenic MYC confers a collateral stress on splicing and that components of the spliceosome may be therapeutic entry points for aggressive MYC-driven cancers. Examination of intron rentention in MYC-ER HMECs, in 4 conditions
2015-09-03 | E-GEOD-66182 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:ChIP-sequencing reads from Oncogenic Herpesvirus utilizes stress-induced cell cycle checkpoints for efficient lytic replication, accepted to PLOS Pathogens
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Project description:MYC genes have both essential roles during normal development and exert oncogenic functions during tumorigenesis. Expression of a dominant-negative allele of MYC, termed OmoMYC, can induce rapid tumor regression in mouse models with little toxicity for normal tissues. How OmoMYC discriminates between physiological and oncogenic functions of MYC is unclear. We have solved the crystal structure of OmoMYC and show that it forms a stable homodimer and as such recognizes DNA in the same manner as the MYC/MAX heterodimer. OmoMYC attenuates both MYC-dependent activation and repression by competing with MYC/MAX for binding to chromatin, effectively lowering MYC/MAX occupancy at its cognate binding sites. OmoMYC causes the largest decreases in promoter occupancy and changes in expression on genes that are invaded by oncogenic MYC levels. A signature of OmoMYC-regulated genes defines subgroups with high MYC levels in multiple tumor entities and identifies novel targets for the eradication of MYC-driven tumors.
2016-10-18 | GSE77328 | GEO
Project description:c-MYC (MYC) overexpression or hyperactivation is one of the most common drivers of human cancer. Despite intensive study, the MYC oncogene remains recalcitrant to therapeutic inhibition. Like other classic oncogenes, hyperactivation of MYC leads to collateral stresses onto cancer cells, suggesting that tumors harbor unique vulnerabilities arising from oncogenic activation of MYC. Herein, we discover the spliceosome as a new target of oncogenic stress in MYC-driven cancers. We identify BUD31 as a MYC-synthetic lethal gene, and demonstrate that BUD31 is a splicing factor required for the assembly and catalytic activity of the spliceosome. Core spliceosomal factors (SF3B1, U2AF1, and others) associate with BUD31 and are also required to tolerate oncogenic MYC. Notably, MYC hyperactivation induces an increase in total pre-mRNA synthesis, suggesting an increased burden on the core spliceosome to process pre-mRNA. In contrast to normal cells, partial inhibition of the spliceosome in MYC-hyperactivated cells leads to global intron retention, widespread defects in pre-mRNA maturation, and deregulation of many essential cell processes. Importantly, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the spliceosome in vivo impairs survival, tumorigenicity, and metastatic proclivity of MYC-dependent breast cancers. Collectively, these data suggest that oncogenic MYC confers a collateral stress on splicing and that components of the spliceosome may be therapeutic entry points for aggressive MYC-driven cancers.
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Project description:Upon replication stress, the Mec1ATR kinase triggers the downregulation of transcription, reducing the level of RNA polymerase on chromatin to facilitate replication fork progression. We identify a hydroxyurea-induced phosphorylation site at Mec1-S1991 that contributes to the eviction of RNAPII and RNAPIII during replication stress. The non-phosphorylatable mec1-S1991A mutant reduces replication fork progression genome-wide and compromises survival on hydroxyurea. This defect can be suppressed by destabilizing chromatin-bound RNAPII with a Rpb3-TAP fusion, suggesting that lethality arises from replication-transcription conflicts. Coincident with a failure to repress gene expression, highly transcribed genes like GAL1 persist at nuclear pores in mec1-S1991A cells. Consistently, we find pore proteins and several components controlling RNAPII and RNAPIII transcription are phosphorylated in a Mec1-dependent manner, suggesting that Mec1-S1991 phosphorylation limits conflicts between replication and either RNA polymerase complex. We further show that Mec1 contributes to reduced RNAPII occupancy on chromatin during an unperturbed S phase.
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Project description:Upon replication stress, the Mec1ATR kinase triggers the downregulation of transcription, reducing the level of RNA polymerase on chromatin to facilitate replication fork progression. We identify a hydroxyurea-induced phosphorylation site at Mec1-S1991 that contributes to the eviction of RNAPII and RNAPIII during replication stress. The non-phosphorylatable mec1-S1991A mutant reduces replication fork progression genome-wide and compromises survival on hydroxyurea. This defect can be suppressed by destabilizing chromatin-bound RNAPII with a Rpb3-TAP fusion, suggesting that lethality arises from replication-transcription conflicts. Coincident with a failure to repress gene expression, highly transcribed genes like GAL1 persist at nuclear pores in mec1-S1991A cells. Consistently, we find pore proteins and several components controlling RNAPII and RNAPIII transcription are phosphorylated in a Mec1-dependent manner, suggesting that Mec1-S1991 phosphorylation limits conflicts between replication and either RNA polymerase complex. We further show that Mec1 contributes to reduced RNAPII occupancy on chromatin during an unperturbed S phase.
2021-09-08 | GSE179791 | GEO
Project description:Upon replication stress, the Mec1ATR kinase triggers the downregulation of transcription, reducing the level of RNA polymerase on chromatin to facilitate replication fork progression. We identify a hydroxyurea-induced phosphorylation site at Mec1-S1991 that contributes to the eviction of RNAPII and RNAPIII during replication stress. The non-phosphorylatable mec1-S1991A mutant reduces replication fork progression genome-wide and compromises survival on hydroxyurea. This defect can be suppressed by destabilizing chromatin-bound RNAPII with a Rpb3-TAP fusion, suggesting that lethality arises from replication-transcription conflicts. Coincident with a failure to repress gene expression, highly transcribed genes like GAL1 persist at nuclear pores in mec1-S1991A cells. Consistently, we find pore proteins and several components controlling RNAPII and RNAPIII transcription are phosphorylated in a Mec1-dependent manner, suggesting that Mec1-S1991 phosphorylation limits conflicts between replication and either RNA polymerase complex. We further show that Mec1 contributes to reduced RNAPII occupancy on chromatin during an unperturbed S phase.
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC4670565 | biostudies-literature