The KMT2D Kabuki syndrome histone methylase controls neural crest cell differentiation and facial morphology
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PROVIDER: PRJNA629751 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:We report RNA-seq from mouse E14.25 WT and KMT2D neural crest cell knockout palatal shelves
2020-06-01 | GSE149688 | GEO
Project description:Kabuki Syndrome (KS) is a multisystemic rare disorder, characterized by growth delay, distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, and rarely autism spectrum disorder. This condition is mostly caused by de novo mutations of KMT2D, encoding a catalytic subunit of the COMPASS complex involved in enhancer regulation. KMT2D catalyzes the deposition of histone-3-lysine-4 mono-methyl (H3K4Me1) that marks active and poised enhancers. To assess the impact of KMT2D mutations in the chromatin landscape of KS tissues, we have generated patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), which we further differentiated into neural crest stem cells (NCSC), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cortical neurons (iN). In addition, we further collected blood samples from 5 additional KS patients. To complete our disease modeling cohort we generated an isogenic KMT2D mutant line from human embryonic stem cells, which we differentiated into neural precursor and mature neurons. Micro-electrode-array (MEA)-based neural network analysis of KS iNs revealed an altered pattern of spontaneous network-bursts in a Kabuki-specific pattern. RNA-seq profiling was performed to relate this aberrant MEA pattern to transcriptional dysregulations, revealing that dysregulated genes were enriched for neuronal functions, such as ion channels, synapse activity, and electrophysiological activity. Here we show that KMT2D haploinsufficiency tends to heavily affect the transcriptome of cortical neurons and differentiated tissues while sparing multipotent states, suggesting that KMT2D has a most prevalent role in terminally differentiated cell and activate transcriptional circuitry unique to each cell type. Moreover, thorough profiling of H3K4Me1 unveiled the almost complete uncoupling between this chromatin mark and the regulatory effects of KMT2D on transcription, which is instead reflected by a defect of H3K27Ac. By integrating RNA-seq with ChIP-seq data we defined TEAD and REST as the master effectors of KMT2D haploinsufficiency. Also, we identified a subset of genes whose regulation is controlled by the balance between KMT2D and EZH2 dosage. Finally, we identified the bona fide direct targets of KMT2D in healthy and KS mature cortical neurons and TEAD2 as the main proxy of KMT2D dysregulation in KS. Overall, our study provides the transcriptional and epigenomic characterization of patient-derived tissues as well as iPSCs and differentiated disease-relevant cell types, as well as the identification of KMT2D direct target in cortical neurons, together with the identification of a neuronal phenotype of the spontaneous electrical activity.
2022-12-25 | E-MTAB-10244 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7375479 | biostudies-literature
Project description:10x v3 single cell RNA-Seq of cultured primary hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) (isolated by microdissection from E17 day embryos) from wild type or Kmt2d+/B-Geo mice (a haploinsufficiency model of Kabuki Syndrome). Cells are either undifferentiated (day0) or differentiated via growth factor withdrawl for 2, 4, or 8 days.
2021-12-13 | GSE190514 | GEO
Project description:Kabuki syndrome is a monogenic disorder caused by loss of function variants in either of two genes encoding histone-modifying enzymes. We performed targeted sequencing in a cohort of 27 probands with a clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome. Of these, 12 had causative variants in the two known Kabuki syndrome genes. In 2, we identified presumptive loss of function de novo variants in KMT2A (missense and splice site variants), a gene that encodes another histone modifying enzyme previously exclusively associated with Wiedermann-Steiner syndrome. Although Kabuki syndrome is a disorder of histone modification, we also find alterations in DNA methylation among individuals with a Kabuki syndrome diagnosis relative to matched normal controls, regardless of whether they carry a variant in KMT2A or KMT2D or not. Furthermore, we observed characteristic global abnormalities of DNA methylation that distinguished patients with a loss of function variant in KMT2D or missense or splice site variants in either KMT2D or KMT2A from normal controls. Our results provide new insights into the relationship of genotype to epigenotype and phenotype and indicate cross-talk between histone and DNA methylation machineries exposed by inborn errors of the epigenetic apparatus.
2018-06-27 | GSE116300 | GEO
Project description:Kabuki syndrome is a Mendelian intellectual disability syndrome caused by mutations in either of two genes (KMT2D and KDM6A) involved in chromatin accessibility. We previously showed that an agent that promotes chromatin opening, the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) AR-42, ameliorates the deficiency of adult neurogenesis in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, and rescues hippocampal memory defects in a mouse model of Kabuki syndrome (Kmt2d+/βGeo). Unlike a drug, a dietary intervention could be quickly transitioned to the clinic. Therefore, we have explored whether treatment with a ketogenic diet could lead to a similar rescue through increased amounts of beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous HDACi. Here, we report that a ketogenic diet in Kmt2d+/βGeo mice modulates H3ac and H3K4me3 in the granular cell layer, with concomitant rescue of both the neurogenesis defect and hippocampal memory abnormalities seen in Kmt2d+/βGeo mice; similar effects on neurogenesis were observed upon exogenous administration of beta-hydroxybutyrate. These data suggests that dietary modulation of epigenetic modifications through elevation of beta-hydroxybutyrate may provide a feasible strategy to treat the intellectual disability seen in Kabuki syndrome and related disorders. We used microarrays to query global gene expression changes in the hippocampus of wild type and Kmt2d+/βGeo (Kabuki syndrome model) mice on a regular diet to identify specific gene expression abnormalities in the hippocampus of the Kabuki syndrome mouse model.
2016-12-03 | GSE90836 | GEO
Project description:KMT2D+/bGeoation in KMT2D, a histone-lysine N-methyl transferase, is responsible for majority of Kabuki syndrome in human. A mouse model of Kabuki syndrome with heterzygous KMT2D+/bGeoation of KMT2D, KMT2D+/bGeo was created to understand the disease mechanism and for drug discovery. TAK-418-418, a lysine-specific histone demethylase (LSD1) inhibitor, was tested on these mice for therapeutic treatment of the disease. Rescue of genome wide chromatin abnormality, which has been reported in KMT2D+/bGeo mice, was evaluated by high throughput next generation sequencing following chromatin immunoprecipitation of H3K4me1 and H3K4me3.
2020-03-11 | GSE146727 | GEO
Project description:Disease-specific DNA methylation patterns (DNAm signatures) have been established for an increasing number of genetic disorders and represent a valuable tool for classification of genetic variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Sample size and batch effects are critical issues for establishing DNAm signatures, but their impact on the sensitivity and specificity of an already established DNAm signature as a predictive tool of variant pathogenicity has not previously been tested. Here, we assessed whether publicly available DNAm data can be employed to generate a binary machine learning classifier for VUS classification, and used variants in KMT2D, the gene associated with Kabuki syndrome, together with an existing DNAm signature as proof-of-concept. Using publicly available data for training, a classifier for KMT2D variants that correctly discriminated DNA samples from individuals with molecularly confirmed Kabuki syndrome and unaffected individuals was generated. These data document the clinical utility of a robust DNAm signature even with small numbers of patients to be tested. This study further underlines the importance of data sharing in the field of rare genetic disorders.
2023-01-24 | GSE218186 | GEO
Project description:The genetic elements required to tune gene expression are partitioned in active and repressive nuclear condensates. Chromatin compartments include transcriptional clusters whose dynamic establishment and functioning depends on multivalent interactions occurring among transcription factors, cofactors and basal transcriptional machinery. However how chromatin players contribute to the assembly of transcriptional condensates has not been addressed. By interrogating the effect of KMT2D haploinsufficiency in Kabuki Syndrome, we found that MLL4 contributes in the assembly of transcriptional condensates through liquid-liquid phase separation. MLL4 loss-of-function impaired Polycomb-dependent chromatin compartmentalization, altering nuclear architecture. By releasing the nuclear mechanical stress through the inhibition of the mechano-sensor ATR, we re-established the mechano-signaling of mesenchymal stem cells and their commitment towards chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. This study supports the notion that in Kabuki Syndrome the haploinsufficiency of MLL4 causes an altered functional partitioning of chromatin, which determines the architecture and mechanical properties of the nucleus.
2020-09-22 | PXD021616 | Pride
Project description:Growth deficiency is a characteristic feature of both Kabuki syndrome 1 (KS1) and Kabuki syndrome 2 (KS2), Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery with similar phenotypes but distinct genetic etiologies. We previously described skeletal growth deficiency in a mouse model of KS1 and further established that a Kmt2d -/- chondrocyte model of KS1 exhibits precocious differentiation. Here we characterized growth deficiency in a mouse model of KS2, Kdm6a tm1d/+. We show that Kdm6a tm1d/+ mice have decreased femur and tibia length compared to controls and exhibit abnormalities in cortical and trabecular bone structure. Kdm6a tm1d/+ growth plates are also shorter, due to decreases in hypertrophic chondrocyte size and hypertrophic zone height. Given these disturbances in the growth plate, we generated Kdm6a -/- chondrogenic cell lines. Similar to our prior in vitro model of KS1, we found that Kdm6a -/- cells undergo premature, enhanced differentiation towards chondrocytes compared to Kdm6a +/+ controls. RNA-seq showed that Kdm6a -/- cells have a distinct transcriptomic profile that indicates dysregulation of cartilage development. Finally, we performed RNA-seq simultaneously on Kmt2d -/-, Kdm6a -/-, and control lines at Days 7 and 14 of differentiation. This revealed surprising resemblance in gene expression between Kmt2d -/- and Kdm6a -/- at both time points and indicates that the similarity in phenotype between KS1 and KS2 also exists at the transcriptional level.
2024-03-30 | GSE262539 | GEO