Genome-wide effects of the antimicrobial peptide apidaecin on translation termination
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PROVIDER: PRJNA630973 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The proline-rich antimicrobial peptide apidaecin (Api) inhibits bacterial protein synthesis in a distinctive way. In vitro biochemical and structural studies showed that Api binds in the nascent peptide exit tunnel of a ribosome that has completed translation of a gene and traps the release factors on the ribosome. By analyzing the distribution of ribosomes on mRNAs in Api-treated cells using Ribo-seq, we uncovered a range of effects that stem from the unique mechanism of Api action. Exposure of bacterial cells to Api results in arrest of ribosomes at stop codons, likely in a post-release state due to direct Api action, as well as in a pre-release state due to the depletion of available release factors. In addition, Api action leads to a pronounced queuing of translating ribosomes behind those arrested at stop codons. One of the major consequences of Api action is a dramatically increased level of stop codon bypass by ribosomes paused in a pre-release state, leading to an accumulation of proteins with C-terminal extensions, as confirmed by whole-cell proteomics analysis. Stop codon bypass occurs either in 0-frame, by misincorporation of a near-cognate aminoacyl-tRNA at the stop codon, or via frameshifting, allowing for a fraction of the translating ribosomes to reach the 3’ ends of mRNA transcripts. The pervasive stalling of pre-release ribosomes at the stop codons and at the RNA transcripts ends triggers activation of the cellular ribosome rescue systems which, likely due to Api action as well, remain ineffective. Understanding the unique mode of Api action as translation termination inhibitor in the cell can advance the development of treatments for infection and genetic diseases as well as new research tools for genome exploration.
2020-10-02 | GSE150034 | GEO
Project description:Proline-rich antimicrobial peptide apidaecin (Api) inhibits bacterial protein synthesis in a distinctive way. In vitro biochemical and structural studies showed that Api binds in the nascent peptide exit tunnel of the ribosome that has completed translation of the gene and has released the newly-synthesized protein. Once in the tunnel, Api traps the release factors on the post-termination ribosome leading to cessation of translation. The mode of Api action in the bacterial cell, however, had remained unknow. By analyzing distribution of ribosomes on mRNAs in Api-treated cells using Ribo-seq approach we uncovered a range of effects that stem from the unique mechanism of Api action. Exposure of bacterial cells to Api results in arrest of translation at stop codons, likely in a post-release state, due to the immediate Api action, as well as in a pre-release state due to the depletion of available release factors. In addition, arrest of translation at the end of the open reading frame (ORF) leads to a pronounced queuing of the translating ribosomes behind the one arrested at the stop codon. One of the major consequences of the Api action is a dramatically increased stop codon bypass by the ribosomes paused in a pre-release state, leading to accumulation of proteins with C-terminal extensions, as confirmed by whole-cell proteomics analysis. Stop codon bypass, that occurs either in 0-frame, by misincorporation of a near-cognate aminoacyl-tRNA at the stop codon, or via frameshifting allows for a fraction of the translating ribosomes to reach the 3’ ends of mRNA transcripts. The pervasive stalling of pre-release ribosomes at the stop codons and at the RNA transcripts ends triggers activation of the cellular ribosome rescue systems which, likely due to Api action as well, remain ineffective. While major Api effects are directed towards the ribosome at the end of the ORFs, cells exposed to Api show a somewhat increased ribosome occupancy of the start codons. Understanding the unique mode of Api to inhibit translation termination in the cell can help envisioning the development of treatments for genetic diseases and research tools for genome exploration.
2020-10-05 | PXD019012 | Pride
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7544508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of hospital-associated infections. In addition, highly virulent strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are currently spreading outside health care settings. Survival in the human host is largely defined by the ability of S. aureus to resist mechanisms of innate host defense, of which antimicrobial peptides form a key part especially on epithelia and in neutrophil phagosomes. Here we demonstrate that the antimicrobial-peptide sensing system aps of the standard community-associated MRSA strain MW2 controls resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. The core of aps-controlled resistance mechanisms comprised the D-alanylation of teichoic acids (dlt operon), the incorporation of cationic lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) in the bacterial membrane (mprF), and the vraF/vraG putative antimicrobial peptide transporter. Further, the observed increased production of L-PG under the influence of cationic antimicrobial peptides was accompanied by the up-regulation of lysine biosynthesis. In noticeable difference to the aps system of S. epidermidis, only selected antimicrobial peptides strongly induced the aps response. Heterologous complementation with the S. epidermidis apsS gene indicated that this is likely caused by differences in the short extracellular loop of ApsS that interacts with the inducing antimicrobial peptide. Our study shows that the antimicrobial peptide sensor system aps is functional in the important human pathogen S. aureus, significant interspecies differences exist in the induction of the aps gene regulatory response, and aps inducibility is clearly distinguishable from effectiveness towards a given antimicrobial peptide. Keywords: Wild type control vs treated vs mutant Wild type untreated in triplicate is compared to wild type treated in triplicate along with three mutants in triplicate with and without treatment of indolicidin, totalling 30 samples
2008-04-06 | E-GEOD-8400 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of hospital-associated infections. In addition, highly virulent strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are currently spreading outside health care settings. Survival in the human host is largely defined by the ability of S. aureus to resist mechanisms of innate host defense, of which antimicrobial peptides form a key part especially on epithelia and in neutrophil phagosomes. Here we demonstrate that the antimicrobial-peptide sensing system aps of the standard community-associated MRSA strain MW2 controls resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. The core of aps-controlled resistance mechanisms comprised the D-alanylation of teichoic acids (dlt operon), the incorporation of cationic lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) in the bacterial membrane (mprF), and the vraF/vraG putative antimicrobial peptide transporter. Further, the observed increased production of L-PG under the influence of cationic antimicrobial peptides was accompanied by the up-regulation of lysine biosynthesis. In noticeable difference to the aps system of S. epidermidis, only selected antimicrobial peptides strongly induced the aps response. Heterologous complementation with the S. epidermidis apsS gene indicated that this is likely caused by differences in the short extracellular loop of ApsS that interacts with the inducing antimicrobial peptide. Our study shows that the antimicrobial peptide sensor system aps is functional in the important human pathogen S. aureus, significant interspecies differences exist in the induction of the aps gene regulatory response, and aps inducibility is clearly distinguishable from effectiveness towards a given antimicrobial peptide. Keywords: Wild type control vs treated vs mutant
2008-04-07 | GSE8400 | GEO
Project description:Analysis of undifferentiated keratinocytes or differentiated keratinocytes stimulated with or without human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) LL37. Results provide insight into the biological effects of CAMP on human keratinocytes. NHEKs were divided into two groups; low calcium (0.05 mM) and high calcium condition (1.6 mM). Then keratinocytes were stimulated with human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL37 at 0, 2.56, and 7.68 M-NM-<M for 12 h to 24 h.
2014-08-01 | E-GEOD-49472 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To survive during colonization or infection of the human body, microorganisms must defeat antimicrobial peptides, which represent a key component of innate host defense in phagocytes and on epithelia. However, is not known how the clinically important group of Gram-positive bacteria sense antimicrobial peptides to coordinate a directed defensive response. By determining the genome-wide gene regulatory response to human beta defensin 3 in the nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis, we discovered an antimicrobial peptide sensor system that controls major specific resistance mechanisms to antimicrobial peptides and is unrelated to the Gram-negative PhoP/PhoQ system. Wild type untreated in triplicate is compared to wild type treated in triplicate along with three mutants in triplicate with and without treatment of human beta defensin 3, totalling 30 samples
2010-05-26 | E-GEOD-7163 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To survive during colonization or infection of the human body, microorganisms must defeat antimicrobial peptides, which represent a key component of innate host defense in phagocytes and on epithelia. However, is not known how the clinically important group of Gram-positive bacteria sense antimicrobial peptides to coordinate a directed defensive response. By determining the genome-wide gene regulatory response to human beta defensin 3 in the nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis, we discovered an antimicrobial peptide sensor system that controls major specific resistance mechanisms to antimicrobial peptides and is unrelated to the Gram-negative PhoP/PhoQ system. Keywords: Wild type control vs treated vs mutant
2008-02-26 | GSE7163 | GEO
Project description:Antimicrobial peptide ChMAP-28 is a peptide of innate immunity of the goat Capra hircus. The goal of this research was to evaluate possible changes in the molecular signaling pathways in HL-60 leukemia cells and also to correlate this effect with the cytotoxic activity of the peptide.
2018-08-11 | GSE118397 | GEO
Project description:Peptides have great potential to combat antibiotic resistance. While many platforms can screen peptides for their ability to bind to target cells, there are virtually no platforms that directly assess the functionality of peptides. This limitation is exacerbated when identifying antimicrobial peptides, since the phenotype, death, selects against itself, and has caused a scientific bottleneck confining research to only a few naturally occurring classes of antimicrobial peptides. We have used this seeming dissonance to develop Surface Localized Antimicrobial displaY (SLAY); a platform that allows screening of unlimited numbers of peptides of any length, composition, and structure in a single tube for antimicrobial activity. Using SLAY, we screened ~800,000 random peptide sequences for antimicrobial function and identified thousands of active sequences doubling the number of known antimicrobial sequences. SLAY hits present with different potential mechanisms of peptide action and access to areas of antimicrobial physicochemical space beyond what nature has evolved.
2018-01-03 | GSE94530 | GEO