Project description:Purpose: To identify gene expression in RTF2 null cells compared to WT cells Method: Total RNA for mRNA Seq, NextSeq High Output 75 SR Results: 57 genes significantly downregulated and 7 genes significantly upregulated in RTF2 deficient MEFs
Project description:While hundreds of genes are induced by Type I interferons, their roles in restricting the influenza life cycle remain mostly unknown. Using a loss-of-function CRISPR screen in cells pre-stimulated with Type I interferon, we identified a small number of factors required for restricting influenza A virus replication. In addition to the known components of the interferon signaling pathway, we found a new factor, Replication Termination Factor 2 (RTF2). RTF2 restricts influenza, at least, at the nuclear stage of the viral life cycle based on several lines of evidence. First, a deficiency in RTF2 leads to higher levels of viral primary transcription, even in the presence of cycloheximide to block genome replication and secondary transcription. Second, cells that lack RTF2 have enhanced activity of a viral reporter that depends solely on four viral proteins that carry out replication and transcription in the nucleus. Third, when RTF2 protein is mislocalized outside the nucleus, it is not able to restrict replication. Furthermore, the absence of RTF2 not only led to enhanced viral transcription but also to reduced expression of anti-viral factors in response to interferon. RTF2 thus inhibits primary influenza transcription, likely acts in the nucleus, and contributes to upregulation of antiviral effectors in response to Type I interferons
Project description:This study investigated the role Rtf2 plays on the replication fork barrier (RFB) activity of RTS1 in S. pombe. We confirm Rtf2 is important for the full barrier activity of the RTS1-Rtf1 RFB. We show that Rtf2 does not enact its enhancing effect on RTS1 RFB activity via binding to Region A of RTS1, but instead we find it to be closely associated with several splicing factors. Analysis of cells deleted for rtf2 by cDNA-Seq reveal splicing defects specifically effecting intron retention, including for the Rtf1 transcript. We show that intron retention within rtf1 is responsible for the reduced barrier activity of RTS1 when rtf2 is deleted. This study reveals Rtf2 to be an important factor for maintaining efficient splicing within the cell.
Project description:This study investigated the role Rtf2 plays on the replication fork barrier (RFB) activity of RTS1 in S. pombe. We confirm Rtf2 is important for the full barrier activity of the RTS1-Rtf1 RFB. We show that Rtf2 does not enact its enhancing effect on RTS1 RFB activity via binding to Region A of RTS1, but instead we find it to be closely associated with several splicing factors. Analysis of cells deleted for rtf2 by cDNA-Seq reveal splicing defects specifically effecting intron retention, including for the Rtf1 transcript. We show that intron retention within rtf1 is responsible for the reduced barrier activity of RTS1 when rtf2 is deleted. This study reveals Rtf2 to be an important factor for maintaining efficient splicing within the cell.
Project description:Purpose: To identify gene expression in GAD2 neurons of the hippocsmpus Method: Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) to isolate RNA from GAD2+ cells, cDNA synthesis and next generation RNAseq using Illumina Nextseq sequencer. Results: GAD2 had ~8000 of enriced genes as compared to bulk mRNA
Project description:Alternative splicing is prevalent in plants, but little is known about its regulation in the context of developmental and signaling pathways. We describe here a new factor that influences pre-mRNA splicing and is essential for embryonic development in Arabidopsis thaliana. This factor was retrieved in a genetic screen that identified mutants impaired in expression of an alternatively spliced GFP reporter gene. In addition to the known spliceosomal component PRP8, the screen retrieved a previously uncharacterized protein containing a Replication termination factor2 (Rtf2) domain defined by a C2HC2 zinc finger. The Rtf2 protein was discovered in fission yeast, where it stabilizes paused DNA replication forks by an unknown mechanism. When homozygous, a null mutation in Arabidopsis RTF2 (AtRTF2) is embryo-lethal, indicating that it encodes an essential protein. As revealed by quantitative RT-PCR, impaired expression of GFP in atrtf2 and prp8 mutants is attributable to inefficient splicing of the GFP pre-mRNA. A genome-wide analysis using RNA-seq demonstrated that 12% of total introns display a significant degree of retention in atrtf2 mutants. Intron-retaining transcripts are enriched from genes encoding proteins involved in signaling pathways and membrane transport. Affinity purification of AtRTF2 followed by mass spectrometry identified several known and predicted splicing proteins. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, AtRTF2 interacted with Exo70B1, a peripheral subunit of the exocyst, which is involved in vesicle trafficking. Considering these results and previous suggestions that Rtf2 constitutes an ubiquitin-related domain, we discuss possible roles of AtRTF2 in ubiquitin-based regulation of pre-mRNA splicing and membrane signaling to the spliceosome. Rtf2 is SDR1 (= AtRTF2) and was discovered in a genetic suppressor screen using the dms4 mutant. DMS4 was described in Kanno et al (2010) EMBO Rep. 11:65-71. Examination of whole-genome DNA methylation status in transgenic Arabidopsis plants
Project description:Purpose: To identify gene expression changes in CCK neurons of hippocsmpus of SMARCA3 cKO mice Method: Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) to isolate RNA from CCK+ cells and, cDNA synthesis and next generation RNAseq using Illumina Nextseq sequencer. Results: Biostatistical analysis identified 1378 genes that were altered by SMARCA3 cKO.