Project description:Drought is an inevitable stress almost all terrestrial plants face in their life cycles. Desert dwelling plants show extreme adaptations to drought but their genomes are largely unexplored compared to drought sensitive model plants generally studied to understand plant drought tolerance. Haloxylon ammodendron is a pioneer species extremely tolerant to drought and capable of colonizing desert sand dunes. Seedling establishment is the most critical development stage in the survival of H. ammodendron. H. ammodendron seedlings are able to withstand high light, and low temperature stresses characteristic of temperate desert environments in addition to drought. We have investigated the genome-wide transcript responses under induced drought stress during early seedling establishment to identify prevailing basal and induced gene clusters that likely contribute to survival and stress adapted growth in H. ammodendron. We find staggering support for drought response transcript accumulation together with other transcripts that may transform the cellular expression space into a preadapted state for salt, light, osmotic, and temperature stress tolerance. While transcript accumulation is excessive for genes associated with abiotic stress tolerance under an induced drought treatment, H. ammodendron seems to enhance biotic stress tolerance simultaneously by down-regulation of several genes that would be found at an up-regulated state during pathogen entry in susceptible plants. We detected enriched basal level transcript allocation that suggests preadaptation to abiotic stresses as well as pathogen defense in H. ammodendron when compared to other Amaranthaceae family transcriptomes under stress neutral conditions. Amaranthaceae is one of the most enriched plant families for extremophytes. We found transcripts that are generally maintained at low levels and some induced only under abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana to be highly expressed under basal conditions in the Amaranthaceae transcriptomes including H. ammodendron. These could be novel candidates to expand or initiate discovery of new stress adaptive gene networks and mechanisms naturally selected in extremophytes that allow survival under environmental stresses.
Project description:Using RNA sequencing, we produced a spatiotemporal transcriptome based on 65 samples. Then, we constructed a weighted gene co-expression network of these three Vitis species and defined 17 modules which were correlated to anthocyanins concentrations, developmental stages and species.
