Copa mutation activates STING and perturbs thymocyte development by increasing type I interferons in the thymus.
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PROVIDER: PRJNA644287 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Pathogenic COPA variants cause a Mendelian syndrome of immune dysregulation with elevated type I interferon signaling. Given the importance of COPA in Golgi-ER transport, we speculated that type I interferon signaling in COPA syndrome involves missorting of STING. Here we show that a defect in COPI transport due to mutant COPA causes ligand-independent activation of STING. Activated STING stimulates type I interferon driven inflammation in CopaE241K/+ mice. Our results demonstrate that activated STING contributes to immune dysregulation in COPA syndrome and may be a new molecular target in treating the disease.
2020-07-07 | GSE153822 | GEO
Project description:The cGAS-STING pathway forms a major component of the innate immune system. cGAS-STING signalling is induced by detection of either foreign (i.e. pathogenic) or mislocalised host double stranded (ds)DNA present within the cytosol. STING acts as the major signalling hub, where it controls activation of transcription factors IRF3 and NF-B for expression of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Under resting conditions STING resides on the ER membrane. However, following activation STING traffics to the Golgi to initiate downstream signalling, and subsequently to endolysosomal regions for degradation and termination of signalling. However, while STING is known to be degraded by lysosomes, the mechanisms controlling its delivery remain poorly defined. Here we utilised a mass spectrometry approach to assess phosphorylation changes in primary macrophages following STING activation. This identified a large number of phosphorylation events in proteins involved in intracellular transport, including vesicular trafficking. We utilised high-temporal microscopy to track STING vesicular transport in live macrophages. We observed that while macrophages exhibit rapid degradation of STING (i.e., 4-6 h), basal STING protein levels return slowly (i.e., >24 h). Despite STING protein recovery, ultimately macrophages remain unresponsive to re-challenge with STING ligands. Using a combination of imaging and biochemical approaches we subsequently identify that the endosomal complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway detects ubiquitinated STING on endosomes, which facilitates the degradation of STING. Disrupting ESCRT recognition of STING via knockdown of the ESCRT-0 component HRS or inhibiting ESCRT function via overexpression of a dominant negative form of VPS4a enhances STING signalling and cytokine production. Therefore, we have characterised the mechanisms that controls effective termination of STING signalling. Dysregulation of STING localisation or its degradation has been implicated in several diseases including autoimmune, autoinflammatory and neuroinflammatory diseases, hence a clearer understanding of STING degradation is imperative for a better understanding of STING-dependent disease pathologies.
2023-05-05 | PXD037108 | Pride
Project description:Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), the central hub protein of the cGAS-STING signaling, is essential for type I IFN production of innate immunity. However, prolonged or excessive activation of STING is highly related to autoimmune diseases, most of which exhibit the hallmark of elevated expression of type I interferons and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Thus, the activity of STING must be stringently controlled to maintain immune homeostasis. Here, we reported that CK1α, a protein serine/threonine kinase, was essential to prevent the over-activation of STING-mediated type I IFN signaling through autophagic degradation of STING. Mechanistically, CK1α interacted with STING upon the cGAS-STING pathway activation and promoted STING autophagic degradation by enhancing the phosphorylation of p62 at serine 349, which was critical for p62 mediated STING autophagic degradation. Consistently, SSTC3, a selective CK1α agonist, significantly attenuated the response of the cGAS-STING signaling by promoting STING autophagic degradation. Importantly, pharmaceutical activation of CK1α using SSTC3 markedly repressed the systemic autoinflammatory responses in the Trex1-/- mouse autoimmune disease model and effectively suppressed the production of IFNs and ISGs in the PBMCs of SLE patients. Taken together, our study reveals a novel regulatory role of CK1α in the autophagic degradation of STING to maintain immune homeostasis. Manipulating CK1α through SSTC3 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating STING-mediated aberrant type I IFNs in autoimmune diseases.
2024-01-31 | GSE226593 | GEO
Project description:Chronic stimulation of innate immune pathways by microbial agents or damaged tissue is known to promote inflammation-driven tumorigenesis by unclarified mechanisms1-3. Here we demonstrate that mutagenic 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), etoposide or cisplatin induces nuclear DNA leakage into the cytosol to intrinsically activate STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) dependent cytokine production. Inflammatory cytokine levels were subsequently augmented in a STING-dependent extrinsic manner by infiltrating phagocytes purging dying cells. Consequently, STING-/- mice, or wild type mice adoptively transferred with STING-/- bone marrow, were almost completely resistant to DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis compared to their wild type counterparts. Our data emphasizes, for the first time, a role for STING in the induction of cancer, sheds significant insight into the causes of inflammation-driven carcinogenesis, and may provide therapeutic strategies to help prevent malignant disease Total RNA obtained from wild type murine embryonic fibroblasts (WT MEFs), STING deficient MEFs (SKO), Trex1 deficient MEFs (TKO), and both STING and Trex1 deficient MEFs (STKO) treated with DMBA and examined cytokine production by these cells.
2014-05-31 | E-GEOD-57603 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Chronic stimulation of innate immune pathways by microbial agents or damaged tissue is known to promote inflammation-driven tumorigenesis by unclarified mechanisms1-3. Here we demonstrate that mutagenic 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), etoposide or cisplatin induces nuclear DNA leakage into the cytosol to intrinsically activate STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) dependent cytokine production. Inflammatory cytokine levels were subsequently augmented in a STING-dependent extrinsic manner by infiltrating phagocytes purging dying cells. Consequently, STING-/- mice, or wild type mice adoptively transferred with STING-/- bone marrow, were almost completely resistant to DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis compared to their wild type counterparts. Our data emphasizes, for the first time, a role for STING in the induction of cancer, sheds significant insight into the causes of inflammation-driven carcinogenesis, and may provide therapeutic strategies to help prevent malignant disease Total RNA obtained from DMBA or acetone treated wild type (WT) or STING deficient (SKO) mouse skin or skin tumor was examined for gene expression.
2014-05-31 | E-GEOD-57604 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by significant lung pathology and extrapulmonary complications. Type I interferons (IFNs) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. While rapid induction of type I IFNs limits virus propagation, sustained elevation of type I IFNs in the late phase of the infection is associated with aberrant inflammation and poor clinical outcome. Using proteomic data from a lung-on-chip model revealed that, in addition to macrophages, SARS-CoV-2 infection activates cGAS-STING signalling in endothelial cells through mitochondrial DNA release, leading to cell death and type I IFN production.
2022-04-04 | PXD030753 | Pride
Project description:STING gain-of-function (GOF) mutations lead to T cell lymphopenia, in the context of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) for STING GOF V154M mice. This T cell lymphopenia, which is of central origin, has been described as type I IFN independent and associated with dysfunctions of the rare mature T cells found in the periphery. To better describe the biological mechanisms of these dysfunctions, we performed a transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq on sorted splenic CD4+ and CD8+ mature T cells from STING GOF mice. We highlighted an unexpected T cell exhaustion phenotype that could partly explain their dysfunctions. Acquired very early in life, but only once the peripheral environment is reached, the phenotype appeared to depend neither on type I IFNs, nor on the intrinsic activation of STING in T or stromal cells. Mechanistically, the few mature T cells reaching the periphery seem to be rapidly impacted by the lymphopenic environment through increased antigenic and IL-7 stimulations that could lead to their exhaustion. By using STING GOF long term-hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) transplantations with supportive wild-type bone marrow (BM) cells, we prevented the T cell exhaustion of STING GOF T cells in the resulting non lymphopenic context. With the support of lymphopenic RAG1 hypomorphic mice developing the phenotype, our data uncover a lymphopenia-mediated T cell exhaustion mechanism in STING GOF mice, for which a synergistic effect of the mutation is also envisaged.
2024-01-07 | E-MTAB-13658 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Inflammatory diseases such as Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) and severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are generally lethal disorders that have been traced to defects in the exonuclease Trex1 (DNAseIII). Mice lacking Trex1 similarly die at an early age through comparable symptoms, including inflammatory myocarditis, through chronic activation of the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway. Here we demonstrate that phagocytes rather than myocytes are predominantly responsible for causing inflammation, an outcome that could be alleviated following adoptive transfer of normal bone marrow into Trex1-/- mice. Trex1-/- macrophages did not exhibit significant augmented ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to normal macrophages following exposure to STING-dependent activators, but rather appeared chronically stimulated by genomic DNA. These results shed molecular insight into inflammation and provide concepts for the design of new therapies. Total RNA obtained from wild type (WT), Trex1 deficient (TKO), STING deficient (SKO), or Trex1 and STING double deficient (STKO) mouse Heart
2014-07-09 | E-GEOD-59217 | biostudies-arrayexpress