Azathioprine Antagonizes Aberrantly Elevated Lipid Metabolism and Induces Apoptosis in Glioblastoma
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA644511 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor with poor survival rate and temozolomide (TMZ) has been used as the standard chemotherapy for GBM treatment. However, a large number of patients either respond poorly to TMZ and/or develop resistance after long-term use, urging the need for the development of potent drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here, using high-throughput compound screening (HTS), we found azathioprine, an immunosuppressive medication, to be a promising therapeutic agent for TMZ-resistant GBM treatment. Through integrative genome-wide analysis and global proteomic analysis, we identified the elevated lipid metabolism due to hyperactive EGFR/AKT/SREBP-1 signaling pathway being inhibited by azathioprine. In addition, azathioprine causes ER stress-induced apoptosis. Orthotopic xenograft models injected with patient-derived GBM cells exhibits reduced tumor volumes and increased apoptosis by azathioprine. These overall data indicate that azathioprine could be a powerful therapeutic option for TMZ-resistant GBM patients.
2021-02-16 | GSE153680 | GEO
Project description:Expression profiling of 559T(proneural subtype of glioblastoma), 592T(mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma) and normal human astrocyte (NHA) Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor with poor survival rate and temozolomide (TMZ) has been used as the standard chemotherapy for GBM treatment. However, a large number of patients either respond poorly to TMZ and/or develop resistance after long-term use, urging the need for the development of potent drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here, using high-throughput compound screening (HTS), we found azathioprine, an immunosuppressive medication, to be a promising therapeutic agent for TMZ-resistant GBM treatment. Through integrative genome-wide analysis and global proteomic analysis, we identified the elevated lipid metabolism due to hyperactive EGFR/AKT/SREBP-1 signaling pathway being inhibited by azathioprine. In addition, azathioprine causes ER stress-induced apoptosis. Orthotopic xenograft models injected with patient-derived GBM cells exhibits reduced tumor volumes and increased apoptosis by azathioprine. These overall data indicate that azathioprine could be a powerful therapeutic option for TMZ-resistant GBM patients.
2021-02-16 | GSE153679 | GEO
Project description:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor with poor survival rate and temozolomide (TMZ) has been used as the standard chemotherapy for GBM treatment. However, a large number of patients either respond poorly to TMZ and/or develop resistance after long-term use, urging the need for the development of potent drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here, using high-throughput compound screening (HTS), we found azathioprine, an immunosuppressive medication, to be a promising therapeutic agent for TMZ-resistant GBM treatment. Through integrative genome-wide analysis and global proteomic analysis, we identified the elevated lipid metabolism due to hyperactive EGFR/AKT/SREBP-1 signaling pathway being inhibited by azathioprine. In addition, azathioprine causes ER stress-induced apoptosis. Orthotopic xenograft models injected with patient-derived GBM cells exhibits reduced tumor volumes and increased apoptosis by azathioprine. These overall data indicate that azathioprine could be a powerful therapeutic option for TMZ-resistant GBM patients.
2021-02-16 | GSE153907 | GEO
Project description:Azathioprine Blocks the Aberrantly Elevated Lipid Metabolism and Induces Apoptosis in Glioblastoma [microarray]
| PRJNA643679 | ENA
Project description:Azathioprine Blocks the Aberrantly Elevated Lipid Metabolism and Induces Apoptosis in Glioblastoma [WES]
| PRJNA643683 | ENA
Project description:Azathioprine Blocks the Aberrantly Elevated Lipid Metabolism and Induces Apoptosis in Glioblastoma [RNA-Seq]
| PRJNA644516 | ENA
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2021-02-16 | GSE153908 | GEO
Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver pathology worldwide and is intimately linked with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Liver inflammation is a hallmark of NAFLD and is thought to contribute to tissue fibrosis and disease pathogenesis. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is exclusively expressed in brown and beige adipocytes and has been extensively studied for its capacity to elevate thermogenesis and reverse obesity. Here we identify an endocrine pathway regulated by UCP1 that antagonizes liver inflammation and pathology, independent of effects on obesity. We show that, without UCP1, brown and beige fat exhibit a diminished capacity to clear succinate from the circulation. Moreover, UCP1KO mice exhibit elevated extracellular succinate in liver tissue that drives inflammation through ligation of its cognate receptor succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) in liver-resident stellate cell and macrophage populations. Conversely, increasing brown and beige adipocyte content in mice antagonizes SUCNR1-dependent inflammatory signaling in the liver. We show that this UCP1-succinate-SUCNR1 axis is necessary to regulate liver immune cell infiltration and pathology, and systemic glucose intolerance in an obesogenic environment. As such, the therapeutic utility of brown and beige adipocytes, and UCP1, extends beyond thermogenesis and may be leveraged to antagonize NAFLD and SUCNR1-dependent liver inflammation.
2022-02-17 | PXD024717 | Pride
Project description:MicroRNAs is a rapidly expanding area expected to change the way in which diseases will be diagnosed, treated and monitored in the future. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a rising incidence with high mortality but lack of effective targeted therapies. We identified the aberrantly expressed miRNAs involved in HCC through the comparison of miRNA expression profiling in cancerous hepatocytes with that in normal primary human hepatocytes and found 37 dysregulated miRNAs in HCC. These aberrantly expressed miRNAs may provide insights into pathogenesis of HCC and thus may be used for diagnosis and therapy. Over the past few years, though several studies have uncovered aberrant miRNA expression profiles in HCC compared with matched nonmalignant tissues, the overlap of deregulated miRNAs from different platforms is limited. To solve this problem, we recommend a method that using primary cancer cells or cancer cell lines and nonmalignant primary cells to identify the specific aberrantly miRNA expression profiles in HCC and even in other types of cancer. Here, we identified the aberrantly expressed miRNAs involved in hepatoma through the comparison of miRNA expression profiling in cancerous hepatocytes with that in normal primary human hepatocytes and 37 dysregulated miRNAs were screened out by 2-fold change with a significant difference (P<0.05). Clustering analysis based on 13 miRNAs whose fold changes were over 15-fold change exhibited significantly differential expression pattern between the cancerous and normal hepatocytes.
2010-12-30 | E-GEOD-20077 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction, whose clinical hallmark is muscle weakness and early fatigability. Azathioprine (AZA) is commonly used in Myasthenia Gravis therapy. AZA is a purine antagonist, which inhibits the cell cycle in the resting and DNA synthesis phases. It is usually used as an immunosuppressant to block T- and B-cell proliferation. AZA, bioconverted to 6-mercaptopurine by glutathione S-transferase (GST), can be metabolized either through the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase pathway to active 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) or through the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) pathway to inactive methyl-thiopurine metabolites. The incorporation of active 6-TGNs into DNA, causing breaks in DNA strands resulting in interference with RNA production and thereby protein synthesis, is responsible for the drug effect. The response to AZA is determined by which metabolic pathway is being favored. While balanced use of both HPRT and TPMT pathways results in responsiveness to AZA, hyperactivity of TPMT skews the balance towards the TPMT pathway and results in unresponsiveness to AZA with no pharmacological effect. In contrast, low TPMT activity skews the balance towards the HPRT pathway, resulting in increasing side-effects due to the accumulation of 6-TGNs. Current treatments for MG therapy are often inadequate because less than 40% of patients achieve complete remission with available drugs. This reflects the lack of drugs acting on target sites for which there is strong evidence of pathogenicity and the inability to identify responder patients. No criteria for responsiveness are available, exposing patients to unpredictable failures and unpredictable side effects. These individuals are at particular risk for adverse drug reaction (ADRs) or therapeutic failure. Genetic profiling with the Affymetrix drug metabolizing enzymes and transports genotyping array offers the ability to determine 1,931 variants and 225 genes involved in drug metabolism and disposition. Accordingly, the study of well-known drug-metabolizing genes can be involved in the specific metabolic pathway of a drug, which is more likely to define genotype-phenotype association and thereby genotype profiles relevant to drug response that can be applied as predictive biomarkers for pharmacological treatment.
2016-05-01 | E-MTAB-4489 | biostudies-arrayexpress