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M6A RNA methylation of major satellite repeat transcripts facilitates chromatin association and RNA:DNA hybrid formation in mouse heterochromatin

ABSTRACT: m6A RNA methylation of major satellite repeat transcripts facilitates chromatin association and RNA:DNA hybrid formation in mouse heterochromatin

PROVIDER: PRJNA658095 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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m6A RNA methylation of major satellite repeat transcripts facilitates chromatin association and RNA:DNA hybrid formation in mouse heterochromatin

Project description:m6A RNA methylation of major satellite repeat transcripts facilitates chromatin association and RNA:DNA hybrid formation in mouse heterochromatin

2021-04-21 | GSE156481 | GEO

m6A RNA methylation of major satellite repeat transcripts facilitates chromatin association and RNA:DNA hybrid formation in mouse heterochromatin.

Project description: Not available

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Major satellite repeat RNA stabilize heterochromatin retention of Suv39h enzymes by RNA-nucleosome association and RNA:DNA hybrid formation

Project description:Molecular definition of an RNA-mediated mechanism that stabilizes association of the Suv39h enzymes at mouse heterochromatin.

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The Nuclear Matrix Protein SAFB Cooperates with Major Satellite RNAs to Stabilize Heterochromatin Architecture Partially through Phase Separation [RNA-seq]

Project description:Interphase chromatin is hierarchically organized into higher-order architectures that are essential for gene functions, yet the biomolecules that regulate these 3D architectures remain poorly understood. Here, we show that scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB), a nuclear matrix (NM)-associated protein with RNA- binding functions, modulates chromatin condensa- tion and stabilizes heterochromatin foci in mouse cells. SAFB interacts via its R/G-rich region with heterochromatin-associated repeat transcripts such as major satellite RNAs, which promote the phase separation driven by SAFB. Depletion of SAFB leads to changes in 3D genome organization, including an increase in interchromosomal interactions adjacent to pericentromeric heterochromatin and a decrease in genomic compartmentalization, which could result from the decondensation of pericentromeric heterochromatin. Collectively, we reveal the integrated roles of NM-associated proteins and repeat RNAs in the 3D organization of heterochromatin, which may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of nuclear architecture organization.

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The Nuclear Matrix Protein SAFB Cooperates with Major Satellite RNAs to Stabilize Heterochromatin Architecture Partially through Phase Separation

Project description:Interphase chromatin is hierarchically organized into higher-order architectures that are essential for gene functions, yet the biomolecules that regulate these 3D architectures remain poorly understood. Here, we show that scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB), a nuclear matrix (NM)-associated protein with RNA-binding functions, modulates chromatin condensation and stabilizes heterochromatin foci in mouse cells. SAFB interacts via its R/G-rich region with heterochromatin-associated repeat transcripts such as major satellite RNAs, which promote the phase sep- aration driven by SAFB. Depletion of SAFB leads to changes in 3D genome organization, including an increase in interchromosomal interactions adjacent to pericentromeric heterochromatin and a decrease in genomic compartmentalization, which could result from the decondensation of pericentromeric heterochromatin. Collectively, we reveal the integrated roles of NM-associated proteins and repeat RNAs in the 3D organization of heterochromatin, which may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of nuclear architecture organization.

2019-11-19 | GSE125037 | GEO

DOT1L regulates pericentromeric heterochromatin

Project description:Many repetitive DNA elements are packaged in heterochromatin, but depend on occasional transcription to maintain long-term silencing. The factors that promote transcription of repeat elements in heterochromatin are largely unknown. Here, we show that DOT1L, a histone methyltransferase that modifies lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79), is required for transcription of major satellite repeats to maintain pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH), and that this function is essential for preimplantation development. DOT1L is a transcriptional activator at single-copy genes but does not have a known role in repeat element transcription. We show that H3K79me3 is specifically enriched at repetitive elements, that loss of DOT1L compromises pericentromeric major satellite transcription, and that this function depends on interaction between DOT1L and the chromatin remodeler SMARCA5. DOT1L inhibition causes chromosome breaks and cell cycle defects, and leads to embryonic lethality. Together, our findings uncover a vital new role for DOT1L in transcriptional activation of heterochromatic repeats.

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Major satellite repeat RNA stabilize heterochromatin retention of Suv39h enzymes by RNA-nucleosome association and RNA:DNA hybrid formation.

Project description: Not available

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Gene expression from NMuMG cells overexpressing major satellite treated with TGFbeta

Project description:Although heterochromatin is enriched with repressive traits, it is also actively transcribed, giving rise to large amounts of non-coding RNAs. Although these RNAs are responsible for the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin, little is known about how their transcription is regulated. Here we show that the Snail1 transcription factor represses pericentromeric transcription, acting through the H3K4 deaminase LOXL2. Since Snail1 plays a key role in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), we analyzed the regulation of mouse heterochromatin transcription in this process. At the onset of EMT, one of the major structural heterochromatin proteins, HP1a, is transiently released from heterochromatin foci in a Snail1/LOXL2–dependent manner during EMT, concomitantly with a down-regulation of major satellite transcription. Global transcriptome analysis indicated that ectopic expression of heterochromatin transcripts affects the transcription profile of EMT-related genes. Additionally, preventing the down-regulation of major satellite transcripts compromised the migratory and invasive behavior of mesenchymal cells. We propose that Snail1 regulates heterochromatin transcription through the histone-modifying enzyme, LOXL2, thus creating the favorable transcriptional state necessary for completing EMT. Keywords: Expression Profiling by array We analyzed 2 arrays from each condition: Control and Major treated 8 hours with TGFbeta

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FOXD3 acts as a repressor of repeat elements in a heterochromatin-mediated pathway

Project description:Repeat element transcription plays a vital role in early embryonic development. Upregulation of repeats such as MERVL characterises the 2 cell-like population in a mouse embryonic stem cell culture. Repeat element sequences contain binding sites for numerous transcription factors. We identify a the forkhead domain transcription factor FOXD3 as a regulator of repeat element transcription. FOXD3 binds to and recruits the histone methyl transferase Suv39h1 to MERVL and major satellite repeats in mouse embryonic stem cells, consequentially repressing the transcription of these repeats by establishment of the H3K9me3 heterochromatin modification. Notably, depletion of Foxd3 leads to the de-pression of MERVL and major satellite repeats and in turn the activation of a subset of genes expressed in the 2 cell state, shifting the balance between the stem cell and 2 cell-like population in culture. Thus FOXD3 acts as a negative regulator of repeat transcription, ascribing a novel function to this transcription factor.

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Pericentromeric satellite repeat expansions through RNA-derived DNA intermediates in cancer

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2015-11-02 | E-GEOD-64471 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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