Salmonella Typhimurium uses smooth swimming to increase invasion in the mammalian gut
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA658997 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infects humans and animals. Invasion of intestinal epithelial cells is an important step in gut colonization. Both the Salmonella invasion-associated Type III Secretion System 1 (T3SS1) and motility are required for efficient invasion. The master regulator HilD induces expression of T3SS1 and flagella genes, thus coordinating expression of invasion and motility. Here we show that HilD also induces smooth swimming and that this is important for invasion of epithelial cells, in vitro and in vivo. HilD-induced bacteria express the chemotaxis receptor McpC, which suppresses tumbling and increases smooth swimming, even in the absence of exogenous ligands. mcpC is repressed by H-NS binding, which can be displaced by HilD. This is the first time that bacteria have been shown to use the smooth swimming phenotype in order to optimize invasion.
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Project description:Chlorella has been used as a food supplement and has been reported to have health benefits. We used the forced swimming test to investigate the influence of Chlorella intake during muscle stress training in mice. Swimming time was about two-fold longer for the Chlorella intake mice than for the control mice. Microarray analysis revealed that the global expression profile of muscle from the Chlorella intake mice was similar to that for intact (nonswimming) mice rather than to that for control swimming mice. By contrast, oxidoreductase activity and the leukotriene synthesis pathway were repressed in Chlorella intake mice. According to measurement of the cytokine activities of primary cultures of spleen, Th1 cytokines, such as interferon-gM-cM-^CM-;and interleukin-2, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, such as MIP-1aM-cM-^CM-; GMCSF, and IP-10, were decreased in control swimming mice, but these cytokines were rescued in the Chlorella intake mice. We suggest that the immune response during muscle training can be repressed by intake of Chlorella. The intact (nonswimming) and control (swimming) groups were fed normal food, and the Chlorella intake (swimming) group was fed food including 0.5% Chlorella powder. After 14days, the total RNA was isolated from muscle and samples was pooled for each group (n = 10 for each group).
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Project description:Chlorella has been used as a food supplement and has been reported to have health benefits. We used the forced swimming test to investigate the influence of Chlorella intake during muscle stress training in mice. Swimming time was about two-fold longer for the Chlorella intake mice than for the control mice. Microarray analysis revealed that the global expression profile of muscle from the Chlorella intake mice was similar to that for intact (nonswimming) mice rather than to that for control swimming mice. By contrast, oxidoreductase activity and the leukotriene synthesis pathway were repressed in Chlorella intake mice. According to measurement of the cytokine activities of primary cultures of spleen, Th1 cytokines, such as interferon-g・and interleukin-2, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, such as MIP-1a・ GMCSF, and IP-10, were decreased in control swimming mice, but these cytokines were rescued in the Chlorella intake mice. We suggest that the immune response during muscle training can be repressed by intake of Chlorella.
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Project description:Intestinal calcium absorption is the sole pathway to supply calcium to the body and duodenum is the most efficient site of calcium absorption. Endurance exercise with moderate intensity significantly increased the intestinal calcium absorption. The unloaded non-impact excercise, such as swimming may enhance calcium absorption. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this change have not been investigated. Thus, a genome-wide study by using microarray should reveal changes in the expression of several transporter genes in the intestinal absorptive cells of swimming excercised rats. Keywords: Gene expression; Comparative genomic hybridization
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