Project description:We explored the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs), released from both rodent and human isolated adipocytes, on survival and function of pancreatic β-cells and human pancreatic islets.
Project description:Differences in the levels of miRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) between multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy individuals were detected by means of microarray analysis.
Project description:Most cancer-related deaths are caused by distant metastases, which are tumour cells that have escaped from a primary tumour and passed into the bloodstream to colonize a new organ. In this context, communication between tumour and stromal cells is essential. Indeed, tumor cells interact with cells in the tumor microenvironment and are able to modify them to their advantage. Both extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes are heterogeneous populations of small vesicles present in the tumor microenvironment and in body fluids that have recently emerged as powerful mediators involved in this communication and their transport in fluids. Tumor cells release large quantities of exosomes containing tumor markers, which can then spread to distant locations.
The exosomes are of endosomal origin. They are composed of proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA, and they circulate in the bloodstream. They can be internalized by specific distant cells and thus deliver a functional message. It has recently been shown that tumor exosomes containing pro-metastatic factors form pre-metastatic niches, before the tumor cells actually arrive, while determining the metastatic organotropism of tumors. These properties are now opening up new avenues of research in tumor biomarkers. In recent years, several studies have highlighted different markers contained specifically in exosomes derived from cancer cells. Consequently, exosomes are considered as potential reservoirs of tumor biomarkers that could be clinically useful for the non-invasive diagnosis of cancer, with the advantage of being performed by liquid biopsy. The study of microRNA (miRNA) is of particular interest. Indeed, miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs (between 21 and 25 nucleotides) involved in the regulation of gene expression and which are frequently deregulated in cancer. Several studies underline that the variation of free miRNAs in the blood is correlated with the progression of the disease, particularly in colon cancer. However, the stability of free miRNAs is controversial. Therefore, exosomes represent a very advantageous means of transporting miRNAs in the blood, as they are able to protect miRNAs from degradation by RNAase.
The hypothesis of the project is that circulating exosomes derived from tumours contain markers including specific miRNAs that could be used as biomarkers of early prognosis (survival and progression), easily measured in blood samples from patients with colon cancer. But other molecules contained in exosomes could also be of interest.
Project description:Extracellular vesicles are structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting biomolecules. These vesicles are now commonly referred to as part of liquid biopsy. In this study, we examine the characterization of miRNAs found in extracellular vesicles from patients with both benign gastric diseases and gastric cancer. By studying these miRNAs, we aim to identify potential biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Project description:Background: There is some evidence demonstrating the effect of psychological interventions in improvements in health biological parameters. To best of our knowledge, no study had addressed the impact of any psychological intervention on extracellular vesicles. In addition, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Emotion Focused Therapy for Cancer Recovery (EFT-CR) in the group have never been explored regarding extracellular vesicles and the effectiveness of these was not compared yet.
Objectives:
1. To explore and compare the effect of MBCT and EFT-CR on biological parameters and psychological variables in distressed people who have had breast, prostate and colorectal cancer;
2. In addition, we will explore the acceptability through recruitment and retention rates of MBCT and EFT-CR in group and evaluate whether these interventions are appropriate for a larger clinical trial.
Methods: The design of this study is a parallel randomized controlled trial. Participants will be randomized into MBCT, EFT-CR or usual care. Outcome measures will be assessed before, at the end of the intervention (8 weeks) and follow-ups (24 and 52 weeks from the baseline moment).
Hypotheses: The researchers expected that both interventions will have an effect on extracellular vesicles and other study biomarkers as well as improvements in psychological outcomes, compared to treatment as usual (TAU) group. Regarding the comparative effectiveness, we did not have evidence to hypothesize which one of the interventions will be superior in both biological (extracellular vesicles) and psychological outcomes.
Contribution for practice: The results of this preliminary study would permit to know if there are benefits of these psychological interventions on changes in extracellular vesicles and on psychological outcomes related to health. In addition, this study will permit to determine the acceptability of conducting a larger randomized controlled trial.
Project description:We investigated the enriched miRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EV) from human myoblasts and givinostat induced muscle progenitor cells which are derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Project description:Extracellular vesicles were isolated from the cell culture supernatants of podocytes under high glucose(HG), normal glucose(NG) and iso-osmolality stimulation (three replicates/group). miRNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. After sequencing, A total of 1915 miRNAs were annotated from all samples . A comparison of the HG and NG groups showed that 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed (4 for up-regulated and 7 for down-regulated,|log2(fold change)| > 1, p-value < 0.05), while a comparison of the HG and iso-osmolality groups showed that 18 miRNAs were differentially expressed (1 for up-regulated and 17 for down-regulated, |log2(fold change)| > 1, p-value < 0.05). This study provides the results of miRNA alteration in podocytes extracellular vesicles under HG stimulation.
Project description:Previous studies have shown that the circulating miRNA signatures are altered in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles of individuals with type 1 diabetes. These alterations in the miRNA profile could serve as a potential biomarker applicable in clinical practice for monitoring disease status in lactating mothers with type 1 diabetes during the postpartum period. In the present study, we investigate the profiles of extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs in circulation in a cohort of lactating mothers with and without type 1 diabetes.