Tumor-infiltrating, adoptively transferred BATF-overexpressing CD8 T cells analyzed via bulk RNA-seq
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA694569 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:In cancer, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) often differentiate into dysfunctional states, re-sembling exhausted T cells that arise in chronic viral infections. The dysfunctional state of exhaustion in CD8 T cells is characterized by diminished effector function, namely decreased cytotoxic activity and reduced expression of effector molecules, such as granzyme B. BATF is a transcription factor (TF) known to promote the differentiation of effector CD8 T cells in the chronic viral infection model; however, its role in cancer is not well studied. Using bulk RNA-sequencing (bulk RNA-seq), we identified that BATF-overexpression in tumor-specific CD8 T cells exhibited enrichment for a gene set upregulated in early effector CD8 T cells compared to late exhausted CD8 T cells. Notably, BATF overexpression enhanced the gene expression of various activation markers, costimulatory molecules, effector molecules, chemokine receptors, and other transcription factors, including Hif1a. Additionally, GSEA analysis revealed that BATF-overexpressing CD8 T cells were negatively enriched for Reactome pathways of cellular responses to stress as well as stress-induced senescence. Collectively, our findings support BATF as a key regulator of effector CD8 T cell activity and function within the tumor and shed light on potential pathways BATF may upregulate to facilitate effective tumor control.
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Project description:Cooperative interactions among transcription factors are essential for gene transcription. We previously showed that NFAT and AP-1 (Fos-Jun) transcription factors cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but that under conditions where it is unable to cooperate with AP-1, NFAT imposes a negative feedback programme of T cell hyporesponsiveness (“exhaustion”). Here we show that BATF and IRF4 cooperate to counter T cell exhaustion. Overexpression of Batf in CD8+ 42 T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) promoted the survival and expansion of tumour-infiltrating CAR T cells, increased their production of effector cytokines, decreased their expression of inhibitory receptors and the exhaustion-associated transcription factor TOX, and led to the generation of long-lived memory T cells that controlled tumour recurrence. These responses were dependent on the BATF-IRF interaction, since cells expressing a Batf mutant unable to interact with Irf4 did not survive in tumours and did not effectively delay tumour growth. We suggest that BATF overexpression is a therapeutically viable option for improving the anti-tumour responses of CAR TILs, by skewing their phenotypes and transcriptional profiles away from exhaustion and towards increased effector function.
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Project description:Cooperative interactions among transcription factors are essential for gene transcription. We previously showed that NFAT and AP-1 (Fos-Jun) transcription factors cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but that under conditions where it is unable to cooperate with AP-1, NFAT imposes a negative feedback programme of T cell hyporesponsiveness (“exhaustion”). Here we show that BATF and IRF4 cooperate to counter T cell exhaustion. Overexpression of Batf in CD8+ 42 T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) promoted the survival and expansion of tumour-infiltrating CAR T cells, increased their production of effector cytokines, decreased their expression of inhibitory receptors and the exhaustion-associated transcription factor TOX, and led to the generation of long-lived memory T cells that controlled tumour recurrence. These responses were dependent on the BATF-IRF interaction, since cells expressing a Batf mutant unable to interact with Irf4 did not survive in tumours and did not effectively delay tumour growth. We suggest that BATF overexpression is a therapeutically viable option for improving the anti-tumour responses of CAR TILs, by skewing their phenotypes and transcriptional profiles away from exhaustion and towards increased effector function.
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Project description:Cooperative interactions among transcription factors are essential for gene transcription. We previously showed that NFAT and AP-1 (Fos-Jun) transcription factors cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but that under conditions where it is unable to cooperate with AP-1, NFAT imposes a negative feedback programme of T cell hyporesponsiveness (“exhaustion”). Here we show that BATF and IRF4 cooperate to counter T cell exhaustion. Overexpression of Batf in CD8+ 42 T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) promoted the survival and expansion of tumour-infiltrating CAR T cells, increased their production of effector cytokines, decreased their expression of inhibitory receptors and the exhaustion-associated transcription factor TOX, and led to the generation of long-lived memory T cells that controlled tumour recurrence. These responses were dependent on the BATF-IRF interaction, since cells expressing a Batf mutant unable to interact with Irf4 did not survive in tumours and did not effectively delay tumour growth. We suggest that BATF overexpression is a therapeutically viable option for improving the anti-tumour responses of CAR TILs, by skewing their phenotypes and transcriptional profiles away from exhaustion and towards increased effector function.
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