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Transcriptional Profiling of C. briggsae Temperate and Tropical representative strains after extreme cold

ABSTRACT: Transcriptional Profiling of C. briggsae Temperate and Tropical representative strains after extreme cold

PROVIDER: PRJNA720668 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Transcriptional Profiling of C. briggsae Temperate and Tropical representative strains after extreme cold

Project description:Different populations of the same species survive different environments through local adaptation. Temperature is one of the most important driving forces that could result in local adaptation. Here, we studied the influence of extreme low temperature on the survival of two genetically and geographically distinct populations of the free-living Caenorhabditis briggsae. We found that Caenorhabditis briggsae strains of temperate origin had a cold resistant phenotype, while those originating from a tropical climate had reduced survival after cold treatment. Using this phenotypic difference between geographically diverse populations as a model for how species adapt to their local environment, we then analyzed the transcriptional profiles of two Caenorhabditis briggsae strains of tropical and temperate origin to find genes that are involved in survival after extreme cold. In summary, the response to the extreme low temperature that clearly distinguishes the temperate and tropical Caenorhabditis briggsae strains could serve as an excellent example for studying local adaption of species that show genetic separation associated with their geographical distribution.

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Temperature-dependent small RNA expression depends on wild genetic backgrounds of Caenorhabditis briggsae

Project description:Geographically distinct populations can adapt to the temperature conditions of their local environment, leading to temperature-dependent fitness differences between populations. Consistent with local adaptation, phylogeographically distinct Caenorhabditis briggsae nematodes show distinct fitness responses to temperature. The genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation, however, remain unresolved. To investigate the potential role of small noncoding RNAs in genotype-specific responses to temperature, we quantified small RNA expression using high-throughput sequencing of C. briggsae nematodes from tropical and temperate strain genotypes reared under three temperature conditions (14˚, 20˚, 30˚C). Strains representing both tropical and temperate regions showed significantly lower expression of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) at high temperatures, primarily mapping to a large ~7 Mb long piRNA cluster on chromosome IV. We also documented decreased expression of 22G-RNAs antisense to protein-coding genes and other genomic features at high rearing temperatures for the thermally-intolerant temperate strain genotype, but not for the tropical strain genotype. Reduced 22G-RNA expression was widespread along chromosomes and among feature types, indicative of a genome-wide response. Targets of the EGO-1/CSR-1 22G-RNA pathway were most strongly impacted compared to other 22G-RNA pathways, implicating the CSR-1 Argonaute and its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase EGO-1 in the genotype-dependent modulation of C. briggsae 22G-RNAs under chronic thermal stress. Our work suggests that gene regulation via small RNAs may be an important contributor to the evolution of local adaptations.

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