Attheya longicornis
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA749890 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
primary
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR15257738_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR15257738_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The miRNA profiles of a Haemaphysalis longicornis wild-type (HLWS) and of a Haemaphysalis longicornis cultured population (HLCS) were sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform combined with bioinformatics analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 15.63 and 15.48 million raw reads were acquired for HLWS and HLCS, respectively. The data identified 1517 and 1327 known conserved miRNAs, respectively, of which 342 were differentially expressed between the two libraries. Thirty-six novel candidate miRNAs were predicted. To explain the functions of these novel miRNAs, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed. Target gene function prediction identified a significant set of genes related to salivary gland development, pathogen-host interaction and regulation of the defence response to pathogens expressed by wild H. longicornis ticks. Cellular component biogenesis, the immune system process, and responses to stimuli were represented at high percentages in the two tick libraries. GO enrichment analysis showed that the percentages of most predicted functions of the target genes of miRNA were similar, as were certain specific categories of functional enhancements, and that these genes had different numbers and specific functions (e.g., auxiliary transport protein and electron carrier functions). This study provides novel findings showing that miRNA regulation affects the expression of immune genes, indicating a considerable influence of environment-induced stressful stimulation on immune homeostasis. Differences in the living environments of ticks can lead to differences in miRNAs between ticks and provide a basis and a convenient means to screen for genes encoding immune factors in ticks.
| S-EPMC6436478 | BioStudies
Project description:The longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, feeds upon a wide range of bird and mammalian hosts. Mammalian hosts include cattle, deer, sheep, goats, humans, and horses. This tick is known to transmit a number of pathogens causing tick-borne diseases, and was the vector of a recent serious outbreak of oriental theileriosis in New Zealand. A New Zealand-USA consortium was established to sequence, assemble, and annotate the genome of this tick, using ticks obtained from New Zealand's North Island. In New Zealand, the tick is considered exclusively parthenogenetic and this trait was deemed useful for genome assembly. Very high molecular weight genomic DNA was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq4000 and the long-read Pac Bio Sequel platforms. Twenty-eight SMRT cells produced a total of 21.3 million reads which were assembled with Canu on a reserved supercomputer node with access to 12 TB of RAM, running continuously for over 24 days. The final assembly dataset consisted of 34,211 contigs with an average contig length of 215,205 bp. The quality of the annotated genome was assessed by BUSCO analysis, an approach that provides quantitative measures for the quality of an assembled genome. Over 95% of the BUSCO gene set was found in the assembled genome. Only 48 of the 1066 BUSCO genes were missing and only 9 were present in a fragmented condition. The raw sequencing reads and the assembled contigs/scaffolds are archived at the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
| S-EPMC6806438 | BioStudies
Project description:BACKGROUND:A wide variety of pathogens could be maintained and transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis. The aim of this study is to systematically examine the variety of pathogens carried by Haemaphysalis longicornis, an importnatn vector, in tick-borne diseases epidemic area, and to estimate the risk of human infection imposed by tick bites. METHODS:Adult questing ticks were collected in Xinyang, central China. Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from 144 H. longicornis ticks individually, and sequenced respectively as the templates for high-throughput sequencing. Clean reads were compared against the database of NCBI nucleotide collection and specific PCR was performed to confirm the presence of pathogen. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to explore the evolutionary status of pathogens. RESULTS:The assignment of reads to taxa based on BLASTN results revealed the existence of several potential pathogens, including Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., Babesia sp., as well as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV). Comfirmantory PCR assays revealed the existence of Anaplasma bovis (13/144, 9.03%), Anaplasma centrale (2/144, 1.39%), Rickettsia heilongjiangensis (3/144, 2.08%), Rickettsia sp. LON-13 (1/144, 0.69%), Rickettsia raoultii (5/144, 3.47%), Babesia sp. (1/144, 0.69%). SFTSV accounted for the highest detected pathogen with a positive rate of 18.75% (27/144). Three of the ticks (2.08%) were co-infected with SFTSV and A. bovis. CONCLUSION:Our study provided a broadened list of microorganism that harbored by H. longicornis. In previously unrecognized endemic regions, prokaryotic and eukaryotic infection including Anaplasma spp., Rickettsiae spp., and Babesia spp. should be considered, along with the well-known SFTSV for patients with tick bites history. A novel Babesia species was identified in local natural foci, which needs further investigation in the future.
| S-EPMC5937033 | BioStudies
Project description:<i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> ticks are vectors or reservoirs of numerous infectious pathogens and cause a variety of human and animal diseases worldwide. However, there is limited knowledge on available genetic sequence. Herein, we extracted the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from enriched mitochondria of <i>H. longicornis</i> first time in ticks and gained its sequence with 14,718bp in length. The mitogenome consisted of 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA, and 2 noncoding regions. Also, the monophyletic phylogenetic position of <i>H. longicornis</i> is inferred based on 28 complete mitogenomes in total comprised of various species from Ixodida ticks in addition to the mitogenome of <i>H. longicornis</i>.
| S-EPMC7800405 | BioStudies
Project description:The porin gene is widely disseminated in various organisms and has a pivotal role in the regulation of pathogen infection in blood-sucking arthropods. However, to date, information on the porin gene from the Haemaphysalis longicornis tick, an important vector of human and animal diseases, remains unknown. In this study, we identified the porin gene from H. longicornis and evaluated its expression levels in Babesia microti-infected and -uninfected H. longicornis ticks at developmental stages. We also analyzed porin functions in relation to both tick blood feeding and Babesia infection and the relationship between porin and porin-related apoptosis genes such as B-cell lymphoma (Bcl), cytochrome complex (Cytc), caspase 2 (Cas2), and caspase 8 (Cas8). The coding nucleotide sequence of H. longicornis porin cDNA was found to be 849 bp in length and encoded 282 amino acids. Domain analysis showed the protein to contain six determinants of voltage gating and two polypeptide binding sites. Porin mRNA levels were not significantly different between 1-day-laid and 7-day-laid eggs. In the nymphal stage, higher porin expression levels were found in unfed, 12-h-partially-fed (12 hPF), 1-day-partially-fed (1 dPF), 2 dPF nymphs and nymphs at 0 day post-engorgement (0 dAE) vs. nymphs at 2 dAE. Cytc and Cas2 mRNA levels were higher in 2 dPF nymphs in contrast to nymphs at 2 dAE. Porin expression levels appeared to be higher in the infected vs. uninfected nymphs during blood feeding except at 1 dPF and 0-1 dAE. Especially, the highest B. microti burden negatively affected porin mRNA levels in both nymphs and female adults. Porin knockdown affected body weight and Babesia infection levels and significantly downregulated the expression levels of Cytc and Bcl in H. longicornis female ticks. In addition, this study showed that infection levels of the B. microti Gray strain in nymphal and female H. longicornis peaked at or around engorgement from blood feeding to post engorgement. Taken together, the research conducted in this study suggests that H. longicornis porin might interfere with blood feeding and B. microti infection.
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Project description:Vaccination is considered a promising alternative for controlling tick infestations. Haemaphysalis longicornis midgut proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane were screened for protective value against bites. The western blot demonstrated the immunogenicity of 92 kDa protein (P92). The analysis of the P92 amino acid sequence by LC-MS/MS indicated that it was a H. longicornis paramyosin (Hl-Pmy). The full lenghth cDNA of Hl-Pmy was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) which consisted of 2,783 bp with a 161 bp 3' untranslated region. Sequence alignment of tick paramyosin (Pmy) showed that Hl-Pmy shared a high level of conservation among ticks. Comparison with the protective epitope sequence of other invertebrate Pmy, it was calculated that the protective epitope of Hl-Pmy was a peptide (LEEAEGSSETVVEMNKKRDTE) named LEE, which was close to the N-terminal of Hl-Pmy protein. The secondary structure analysis suggested that LEE had non-helical segments within an ?-helical structure. These results provide the basis for developing a vaccine against biting H. longicornis ticks.
| S-EPMC3712107 | BioStudies
Project description:In the present study, the entire first and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of Haemaphysalis longicornis from China were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The 45 representative amplicons were sequenced, and sequence variation in the ITS was examined. The ITS sequences of H. longicornis were 3644 bp in size, including the part of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA sequences and the complete ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2 sequences. Sequence analysis revealed that the ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2 of this hard tick were 1582, 152, and 1610 bp in size, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variations of ITS-1 and ITS-2 within H. longicornis were 0-2 and 0-2.2%; however, the inter-specific sequence differences among members of the genus Haemaphysalis were significantly higher, being 35.1-55.2 and 37-52% for ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively. The molecular approach employed in this study provides the foundation for further studies of the genetic variation of H. longicornis from different hosts and geographical origins in China.
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