Transcriptomics of trophoblast stem cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem cells
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PROVIDER: PRJNA751593 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:To identify splicing regulators with unique regulation in placenta and the trophectoderm lineage, we sequenced trophoblast stem (TS) and Extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.
2022-07-01 | GSE181334 | GEO
Project description:Bivalent histone domains have been proposed to contribute to pluripotency in embryonic stem cells, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism may regulate stem cell behavior in general. Here we compare histone modifications in two other stem cells derived from the blastocyst. We show that extraembryonic stem cells have little repressive lysine 27 trimethylation and few bivalent domains. Thus, bivalent domains are not a common mechanism for maintaining the undifferentiated state in blastocyst-derived stem cells and alternative mechanisms must mediate transcriptional repression in extraembryonic cells. We show that lysine 9 trimethylation, but not DNA methylation, is likely to fulfill this role. Intriguingly, although we do detect bivalent domains in pluripotent cells in the early mouse embryo, the epigenetic status of extraembryonic cells does not entirely reflect their in vitro stem cell counterparts. Therefore, differences in epigenetic regulation between lineage progenitors in vivo and in vitro may arise during selection for self-renewal in vitro. Expression profiles [GSM388878-GSM388881] of three different stem cells (R1 embryonic stem cells, trophoblast stem cells, extraembryonic endoderm stem cells) were generated for comparison to CHIP-seq data [GSM392044-GSM392055] of the same three stem cell lines to observe correlations with Histone 3 K4 and K27 trimethylation patterns. CHIP-seq details: R1 embryonic stem cells, trophoblast stem cells or extraembryonic endoderm stem cells were grown, lysed and chromatin purified. The chromatin was immunoprecipitated for either histone 3 K4 trimethylation or histone 3 K27 trimethylation and the immunoprecipitate was subjected to purification and high-throughput Illumina-based sequencing.
2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-15519 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Extraembryonic trophoblast stem cells (TSC) can be converted to induced pluripotent stem cells (TSC-iPSCs) by overexpressing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc.
2011-02-01 | GSE25872 | GEO
Project description:Unlike mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are closely related to the inner cell mass, human ES cells appear to be more closely related to the later primitive ectoderm. For example, human ES cells and primitive ectoderm share a common epithelial morphology, growth factor requirements, and the potential to differentiate to all three embryonic germ layers. However, it has previously been shown that human ES cells can also differentiate to cells expressing markers of trophoblast, an extraembryonic lineage formed before the formation of primitive ectoderm. Here we show that phorbol ester 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) causes human ES cells to undergo an epithelial mesenchymal transition and to differentiate into cells expressing markers of parietal endoderm, another extraembryonic lineage. We further confirmed that this differentiation is through the activation of PKC pathway and demonstrated that a particular PKC subtype, PKC-delta, is most responsible for this transition. This is a time course design. It includes 16 samples.
2012-05-31 | E-GEOD-33180 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Extraembryonic trophoblast stem cells (TSC) can be converted to induced pluripotent stem cells (TSC-iPSCs) by overexpressing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc. TSC lines were derived from mice harboring a doxycycline inducible Oct4 allele and an Oct4-GFP reporter that has been demonstrated to be activated in cells upon acquisition of pluripotency. Oct4-GFP-positive blastocysts were collected at 3.5 dpc and transduced with lentiviruses encoding doxycycline inducible Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc transgenes (4FTSC). 4FTSC lines were passaged 10 times to establish a population of constantly growing, self-renewing TSCs in the presence of FGF4 and fibroblast conditioned media. To induce lineage conversion, 4FTSCs were cultured under ESC/Lif conditions and doxycycline. After 28 days, several colonies displaying ESC-characteristic dome-shaped colony morphology and bright Oct4-GFP fluorescence could be detected. The 4FTSC-derived colonies were isolated mechanically, dissociated by trypsinization, and plated onto MEFs in ESC medium without doxycycline demonstrating the independence of exogenous factors. They will be called TSC-iPSCs (Trophoblast stem cell derived induced pluripotent stem cells). To examine if the extraembryonic lineage-specific mRNA profile was overcome, the gene-expression profiles of TSC-iPSCs and their parental 4FTSCs were analyzed by microarray analyses and compared to control ESCs.
2011-02-01 | E-GEOD-25872 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:XEN cells are derived from the primitive endoderm of mouse blastocysts. In culture and in chimeras they exhibit properties of parietal endoderm. However, BMP signaling promotes XEN cells to form an epithelium and differentiate into visceral endoderm (VE). Of the several different subtypes of VE described, BMP induces a subtype that is most similar to the VE adjacent to the trophoblast-derived extraembryonic ectoderm. The experiment was performed to gain insight into genes regulated by BMP and activin in XEN cells, and also to more precisely define the VE subtypes formed in culture. IM8A1 XEN cells were treated for 6 days with BMP2 (20 ng/ml, R&D Systems), activin A (30 ng/ml, Peprotech), both, or neither in GMEM + 10% fetal bovine serum.
2011-11-10 | E-GEOD-32199 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Induction of the Arf tumor suppressor in response to hyperproliferative stress following oncogene activation activates a p53-dependent transcriptional program that limits the expansion of incipient cancer cells. Although Arf is not expressed in most tissues of fetal or young adult mice, it is physiologically expressed in the fetal yolk sac, a tissue derived from the extraembryonic endoderm. We demonstrate that expression of the mouse p19Arf protein marks late stages of extraembryonic endoderm differentiation in cultured embryoid bodies derived from either embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, and that Arf inactivation specifically delays the differentiation of the extraembryonic endoderm lineage, but not the formation of other germ cell lineages from pluripotent progenitors. Arf is required for the timely induction of extraembryonic endodermal cells in response to Ras/Erk signaling and, in turn, acts through p53 to ensure extraembryonic endoderm lineage development, but not maintenance. Remarkably, a significant temporal delay in extraembryonic endoderm differentiation detected during the maturation of Arf-null embryoid bodies is rescued by enforced expression of miR-205, a micro-RNA up-regulated by p19Arf and p53. Introduction of miR-205 into Arf-null embryonic stem cells rescues defective ExEn formation and elicits a program of gene expression that controls the migration and adhesion of embryonic endodermal cells. This occurs, at least in part, through atypical regulation of genes that control the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Our findings suggest that noncanonical and canonical roles of Arf in extraembryonic endoderm development and tumor suppression, respectively, may be conceptually linked through mechanisms that govern cell-to-cell attachment and migration. 4 samples total two each at two time points in ESC development At each time point one sample was treted with miR-205 and the other with a GFP control vector
2013-04-01 | E-GEOD-42210 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming is a powerful method to study cell fate changes. In this work, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Gata6 can initiate reprograming of multiple cell types to induced extraembryonic endoderm (iXEN) cells. Intriguingly, Gata6 is sufficient to drive iXEN cells from mouse pluripotent cells and differentiated neural cells. Furthermore, GATA6 induction in human ES (hES) cells also downregulates pluripotency gene expression and upregulates extraembryonic endoderm genes, revealing a conserved function in mediating this cell fate switch. Profiling transcriptional changes following Gata6 induction in mES cells reveals step-wise pluripotency factor disengagement, with initial repression of Nanog and Esrrb, then Sox2 and finally Oct4, alongside step-wise activation of extraembryonic endoderm genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and subsequent high-throughput sequencing analysis shows Gata6 enrichment near both pluripotency and endoderm genes, suggesting that Gata6 functions as both a direct repressor and activator. Together this demonstrates that Gata6 is a versatile and potent reprogramming factor that can act alone to drive a cell fate switch from diverse cell types. Time-course microarray analysis of Gata6-mediated reprogramming from 12 to 144 hours of doxycycline treatment in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells compared to uninduced mES cells, embryo-derived extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells and Sox7 overexpressing mES cells after 144 hours of doxycycline treatment.
2015-06-30 | E-GEOD-69321 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Unlike mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are closely related to the inner cell mass, human ES cells appear to be more closely related to the later primitive ectoderm. For example, human ES cells and primitive ectoderm share a common epithelial morphology, growth factor requirements, and the potential to differentiate to all three embryonic germ layers. However, it has previously been shown that human ES cells can also differentiate to cells expressing markers of trophoblast, an extraembryonic lineage formed before the formation of primitive ectoderm. Here we show that phorbol ester 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) causes human ES cells to undergo an epithelial mesenchymal transition and to differentiate into cells expressing markers of parietal endoderm, another extraembryonic lineage. We further confirmed that this differentiation is through the activation of PKC pathway and demonstrated that a particular PKC subtype, PKC-delta, is most responsible for this transition.
2012-06-01 | GSE33180 | GEO
Project description:XEN cells are derived from the primitive endoderm of mouse blastocysts. In culture and in chimeras they exhibit properties of parietal endoderm. However, BMP signaling promotes XEN cells to form an epithelium and differentiate into visceral endoderm (VE). Of the several different subtypes of VE described, BMP induces a subtype that is most similar to the VE adjacent to the trophoblast-derived extraembryonic ectoderm. The experiment was performed to gain insight into genes regulated by BMP and activin in XEN cells, and also to more precisely define the VE subtypes formed in culture.
2011-11-10 | GSE32199 | GEO