Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA757772 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The intricate regulation of gut homeostasis is dependent on a fine-tuned regulation of the host defense to avoid detrimental immune activation. We have previously applied Drosophila to show that mutants of the short isoform of the POU transcription factor Pdm1/nubbin (nub) have a constitutively active immune response, altered gut microbiota and shortened lifespan. Here, we studied the role of Nub-PB, the larger isoform derived from the nub gene. Both Nub protein isoforms contain the C-terminal POU and Homeo domains whereas Nub-PB encompasses a longer N-terminal end. Microarray analysis revealed that targeted misexpression of Nub-PB in immunocompetent organs triggers a strong and broad expression of immune genes in a comparable manner to Nub-PD mutants. The seemingly antagonistic functions of the two isoforms were confirmed by co-overexpression of both forms, which resulted in normal expression levels of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. Cell line experiments demonstrated a synergistic activation of AMPs by the combined transfection with Nub-PB and NF-kB/Relish. In agreement with this finding, Relish was indispensable for Nub-PB-driven diptericin expression, suggesting that Nub-PB acts as a Relish co-activator. Moreover, Nub-PB triggered strong expression of gut-specific drosomycin-like genes in a JAK/STAT pathway-dependent manner. Using RNA interference, we found that Nub-PB influences antimicrobial peptide expression in gut but not fat body tissues. Moreover, Nub-PB expression levels in gut enterocytes correlated with the gut bacterial load as well as host lifespan, suggesting a profound role in host immunity. Surprisingly, Nub-PB-overexpression caused a hypersensitive infection phenotype as flies succumbed within 24 h to orally administered Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15. Nub-PB thus appears to be a central activator of gut immunity that requires tight control, executed at least in part, by isoform antagonism to maintain immune homeostasis.
2018-03-10 | GSE100604 | GEO
Project description:The microbial population that live within the gut of animals influences their physiology. We used axenic and recolonized flies to identify genes whose expression is modulated by the presence of a bacterial flora in the gut. We identified several up regulated genes, most of which are described as enriched in the midgut, and related either to immunity or to metabolism. This work also suggests that most microbiota regulated genes are Relish dependent.
2014-03-26 | GSE56173 | GEO
Project description:The microbial population that live within the gut of animals influences their physiology. We used axenic and recolonized flies to identify genes whose expression is modulated by the presence of a bacterial flora in the gut. We identified several up regulated genes, most of which are described as enriched in the midgut, and related either to immunity or to metabolism. This work also suggests that most microbiota regulated genes are Relish dependent. We raised axenic Flies and either : (1) kept them germ free or (2) recolonized their environment with a set of 4 known commensal bacteria of lab-raised drosophila (Commensalibacter intestini, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Acetobacter pomorum). Flies were maintained in their respective (axenic or recolonized) environment from emergence to 7 days of age. Then females were collected, and total RNA extraction was performed on groups of 20 whole bodies.
2014-03-26 | E-GEOD-56173 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To identify genes regulated by Relish in both the absence and presence of TBI in Drosophila, we compared genome-wide mRNA expression of control flies, as well as flies that were heterozygous or homozygous for a null allele of relish with and without injury.
2020-08-29 | GSE157102 | GEO
Project description:The intestine is a barrier tissue whose epithelium has high intrinsic turnover rate; intestinal stem cells, in response to signals from the niche, self-renew and produce progeny that differentiate to fulfill the continuous demand for new epithelial cells that are continuously shed into the lumen. The intestine is innervated by a dense network of peripheral nerves that controls nutrient absorption, intestinal motility, and visceral pain sensation. However, the roles of neurons in regulating epithelial cell homeostasis or regeneration remain as yet undiscovered. Here we investigate the effects of gut-innervating sympathetic neurons on epithelial cell repair following irradiation (IR)-induced gut injury. We observed that sympathetic innervation density in the gut increases post IR, while chemical sympathetic denervation impairs gut regeneration. Combining single cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo experiments, we discovered that sympathetic neurons regulate gut regeneration through modulation of IL22 production in type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) downstream of 2-adrenergic receptor signaling. These results define a novel neuroimmune axis important for intestinal regeneration.
2023-08-18 | GSE214821 | GEO
Project description:The gut microbiota is a key environmental determinant of mammalian metabolism. Regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) by the gut microbiota is a critical process that maintains metabolic fitness, while dysbiosis contributes to the development of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). However, how the gut microbiota controls WAT functions remain largely unknown. Herein, we show that tryptophan-derived metabolites produced by the microbiota control the expression of the miR-181 family in white adipocytes to regulate energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, we show that dysregulation of the microbiota-miR-181 axis is required for the development of obesity, IR, and WAT inflammation. Thus, our results indicate that regulation of miRNA levels in WAT by microbiota-derived cues is a central mechanism by which host metabolism is tuned in response to dietary and environmental changes. As MIR-181 is dysregulated in WAT from obese human individuals, the MIR-181 family may represent a potential therapeutic target to modulate WAT function in the context of obesity.
2019-04-03 | GSE126135 | GEO
Project description:Integration of metabolic, stress and immune responses plays a fundamental role during animal development to maintain energy homeostasis while ensuring growth and proper developmental timing. Perturbation of metabolic and immune signaling circuits has detrimental consequences to animal development including growth retardation, organ malfunction and emergence of the metabolic syndrome. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) protein, Activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3), safeguards a balance of metabolic and immune system responses during fly development. Loss of Atf3 function results in lethality during late-larval and pupal stages. Atf3-deficient larvae exhibit phenotypes resembling the metabolic syndrome in mammals. Excessive accumulation of lipids in the larval fat body and gut is accompanied by altered expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, the fat body of atf3 mutants becomes infiltrated by hemocytes. The major pro-inflammatory pathways signaling through JNK and Imd are hyperactivated in atf3 mutants, causing ectopic expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Suppression of the immune response, achieved by reducing the gene dose of the transcription factors FOXO or NF-kappaB/Relish, significantly improves lipid metabolism and normalizes gene expression profile of atf3 mutants. In addition, heterozygosity of relish partially rescues lethality of the atf3 mutants. Our data thus identify Atf3 as an essential player that links metabolic and immune system homeostasis during animal development. Examination of mRNA levels from four genotypes of male, 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae. mRNA levels from four genotypes relative to y w control were determined using two biological replicates per genotype. Genome build: BDGP R5/dm3, April 2006
2012-11-05 | E-GEOD-36377 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This micro-array helps establishing the function of Akirin, a nuclear protein with unknown domains, a putative interacting partner, in the transcriptional regulation of the targets of Relish, a NF-kB factor required to fight Gram(-) bacteria infection in Drosophila melanogaster. S2 cells were knocked down for Relish, Akirin and immune-challenged by Calcium-phosphate transient transfection of dsRNA and over-expressing PGRP-LC vector. Positively transfected cells were sorted by co-expressed Tomato and RNA was purified and analysed by a micro-array
2014-11-05 | E-GEOD-54915 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as a class of emerging regulators, play crucial role in regulating the strength and duration of innate immunity. However, little is known about how these Drosophila Imd immunity-related lncRNAs are regulated. Herein, we firstly revealed that overexpression of lncRNA-CR33942 could strengthen the expression of Imd pathway antimicrobial peptides Diptericin (Dpt) and Attacin-A (AttA) after infection, and vice versa. Secondly, RNA-seq analysis of post-infected lncRNA-CR33942-overexpressing flies further confirmed that lncRNA-CR33942 positively regulates the Drosophila Imd pathway. Mechanistically, we indicated that lncRNA-CR33942 interacts with NF-κB transcription factor Relish to promote its binding to Dpt and AttA promoters, thereby facilitating Dpt and AttA expression. Interestingly, we found that Relish can also directly promote lncRNA-CR33942 transcription by binding to its promoter. Finally, rescue experiments and dynamic expression profiling post-infection demonstrated the vital role of the Relish/lncRNA-CR33942/AMPs regulatory axis in enhancing inadequate Imd immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. Taken together, our study not only elucidates a novel mechanism about lncRNA in Drosophila Imd immune regulation, but also has important guiding significance for elucidating the complex regulatory mechanism of animal innate immune response.
2022-03-22 | GSE198991 | GEO