Aldh2 dependent formaldehyde metabolism fuels purine demands in melanocyte stem cells
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA762244 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:In the McSC lineage in zebrafish, Aldh2 activity is an important source of formate through its metabolism of its substrate formaldehyde. This formate is required as input into the folate cycle, in particular de novo purine biosynthesis. This scRNA-seq experiment was conducted to investigate the global effects of Aldh2 inhibition on the transcriptomes of isolated McSCs.
2022-05-09 | GSE183868 | GEO
Project description:Reactive aldehydes arise as by-products of metabolism, and are normally cleared by multiple families of enzymes. We find that mice lacking two aldehyde detoxifying enzymes, mitochondrial ALDH2 and cytoplasmic ADH5, have greatly shortened lifespans and develop leukemia. Hematopoiesis is profoundly disrupted, with a reduction of hematopoietic stem cells and also common lymphoid progenitors causing a severely depleted acquired immune system. We show that formaldehyde is the common substrate of ALDH2 and ADH5, and establish methods to quantify elevated blood formaldehyde and formaldehyde-DNA adducts in tissues. Bone marrow derived progenitors actively engage DNA repair but also imprint a formaldehyde-driven mutation signature similar to ageing-associated human cancer mutation signatures. Furthermore, we identify analogous genetic defects in children causing a new inherited bone marrow failure and pre-leukemic syndrome. Endogenous formaldehyde clearance alone is therefore critical for hematopoiesis and in limiting mutagenesis in somatic tissues.
2020-09-21 | GSE157832 | GEO
Project description:The ability of Leishmania to survive in their insect or mammalian host is dependent upon an ability to sense and adapt to changes in the microenvironment. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the parasite response to environmental changes, such as nutrient availability. To elucidate nutrient stress response pathways in Leishmania donovani, we have used purine starvation as the paradigm. The salvage of purines from the host milieu is obligatory for parasite replication; nevertheless, purine-starved parasites can persist in culture without supplementary purine for over 3 months, indicating that the response to purine starvation is robust and engenders parasite survival under conditions of extreme scarcity. To understand metabolic reprogramming during purine starvation we have employed global approaches. Whole proteome comparisons between purine-starved and purine-replete parasites over a 6-48 h span have revealed a temporal and coordinated response to purine starvation. Purine transporters and enzymes involved in acquisition at the cell surface are upregulated within a few hours of purine removal from the media, while other key purine salvage components are upregulated later in the time-course and more modestly. After 48 h, the proteome of purine-starved parasites is extensively remodeled and adaptations to purine stress appear tailored to deal with both purine deprivation and general stress. To probe the molecular mechanisms affecting proteome remodeling in response to purine starvation, comparative RNA-seq analyses, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assays were performed on purine-starved versus purine-replete parasites. While the regulation of a minority of proteins tracked with changes at the mRNA level, for many regulated proteins it appears that proteome remodeling during purine stress occurs primarily via translational and post-translational mechanisms. One mRNA sample from each of Purine-Starved and Purine-Replete cells were analyzed using SL RNA-Seq methodology
2014-02-01 | E-GEOD-48394 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) display diminished self-renewal and a myeloid differentiation bias. However, the physiological drivers and molecular processes that underpin this fundamental switch are not understood. HSCs produce formaldehyde and are protected from this metabolite by two tiers of protection: the detoxification enzymes ALDH2 and ADH5 and the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we find that the HSC and progenitor cells in young Aldh2-/- Fancd2-/- mice harbor a transcriptomic signature equivalent to aged wild-type HSCs, along with increased epigenetic age, telomere attrition and myeloid-biased progenitors. In addition, the p53 response is vigorously activated in Aldh2-/- Fancd2-/- HSCs, whilst p53 deletion rescued this aged transcriptomic signature and telomere attrition. Transplantation of single Aldh2-/- Fancd2-/- HSCs also reveals a predominantly myeloid output, which is reversed upon p53 deletion. To further define the origins of the myeloid differentiation bias, a GFP genetic reporter which detects Vwf+ myeloid primed HSCs was crossed into Aldh2-/- Fancd2-/- mice, revealing a striking enrichment of these lineage-biased Vwf+ HSCs. These results indicate that metabolism derived formaldehyde causes endogenous DNA damage which stimulates the p53 response in HSCs, which then accelerates their aging, resulting in a myeloid lineage biased output.
2023-05-24 | GSE209742 | GEO
Project description:Formaldehyde is a toxic volatile organic compound and its mechanism of toxicity to plant has not yet been revealed. This experiment was designed to identify formaldehyde-responsible genes under exposure to low or high concentration of airborne formaldehyde for a short period of time. 7 weeks old Arabidopsis thaliana transformant (ecotype: Columbia) plants were exposed to gaseous formaldehyde at 1-2 ppm (low), 14-16 ppm (high), or less than 0.04 ppm (air control) at 24oC under light-condition for 150 minutes inside a chamber for formaldehyde exposure. Total RNA was isolated from rosette leaves of exposed plants and was applied to microarray analysis. We investigated into formaldehyde dose response on gene expression of Arabidopsis and tried to understand the toxic mechanisms of formaldehyde using an Affymetrix Arabidopsis genome array ATH-1.
2021-03-31 | GSE20865 | GEO
Project description:To elucidate mechanisms governing McSC self-renewal and differentiation we analyzed individual transcriptomes from thousands of melanocyte lineage cells during the regeneration process. We identified transcriptional signatures for McSCs, deciphered transcriptional changes and intermediate cell states during regeneration, and analyzed cell-cell signaling changes to discover mechanisms governing melanocyte regeneration.
2023-04-18 | GSE190115 | GEO
Project description:In order for bacteria to thrive, they must be well-adapted to their environmental niche, which may involve specialized metabolism, timely adaptation to shifting environments, and/or the ability to mitigate numerous stressors. These attributes are highly dependent on cellular machinery that can sense both the external and intracellular environment. Methylorubrum extorquens is an extensively studied facultative methylotroph, an organism that can use single-carbon compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy. In methylotrophic metabolism, carbon flows through formaldehyde as a central metabolite; thus, formaldehyde is both an obligate metabolite and a metabolic stressor. Via the one-carbon dissimilation pathway, free formaldehyde is rapidly incorporated by formaldehyde activating enzyme (Fae), which is constitutively expressed at high levels. In the presence of elevated formaldehyde levels, a recently identified formaldehyde-sensing protein, EfgA, induces growth arrest. Herein, we describe TtmR, a formaldehyde-responsive transcription factor that, like EfgA, modulates formaldehyde resistance. It is a member of the MarR family of transcription factors and impacts the expression of 75 genes distributed throughout the genome, many of which are themselves transcription factors and/or involved in stress response, including efgA. Notably, when M. extorquens is adapting its metabolic network during the transition to methylotrophy, efgA and ttmR mutants experience an imbalance in formaldehyde production and a notable growth delay. Although methylotrophy necessitates that M. extorquens maintain a relatively high level of formaldehyde tolerance, this work reveals a tradeoff between formaldehyde resistance and the efficient transition to methylotrophic growth and suggests that TtmR and EfgA play a pivotal role in maintaining this balance.
2021-03-11 | GSE159711 | GEO
Project description:In addition to gaining knowledge on in vivo miRNA responses to formaldehyde, we set out to relate these miRNA responses to transcriptional profiles modified by formaldehyde. Rats were exposed by inhalation to either 0 or 2 ppm formaldehyde (6 hours/day) for 28 days. Genome-wide transcriptional profiles and associated signaling pathways were assessed within the nasal respiratory mucosa and circulating mononuclear white blood cells (WBC).
2014-01-07 | GSE42394 | GEO
Project description:The ability of Leishmania to survive in their insect or mammalian host is dependent upon an ability to sense and adapt to changes in the microenvironment. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the parasite response to environmental changes, such as nutrient availability. To elucidate nutrient stress response pathways in Leishmania donovani, we have used purine starvation as the paradigm. The salvage of purines from the host milieu is obligatory for parasite replication; nevertheless, purine-starved parasites can persist in culture without supplementary purine for over 3 months, indicating that the response to purine starvation is robust and engenders parasite survival under conditions of extreme scarcity. To understand metabolic reprogramming during purine starvation we have employed global approaches. Whole proteome comparisons between purine-starved and purine-replete parasites over a 6-48 h span have revealed a temporal and coordinated response to purine starvation. Purine transporters and enzymes involved in acquisition at the cell surface are upregulated within a few hours of purine removal from the media, while other key purine salvage components are upregulated later in the time-course and more modestly. After 48 h, the proteome of purine-starved parasites is extensively remodeled and adaptations to purine stress appear tailored to deal with both purine deprivation and general stress. To probe the molecular mechanisms affecting proteome remodeling in response to purine starvation, comparative RNA-seq analyses, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assays were performed on purine-starved versus purine-replete parasites. While the regulation of a minority of proteins tracked with changes at the mRNA level, for many regulated proteins it appears that proteome remodeling during purine stress occurs primarily via translational and post-translational mechanisms.
2014-02-01 | GSE48394 | GEO
Project description:One-carbon metabolism is an essential branch of cellular metabolism that intersects with epigenetic regulation. Here, we show formaldehyde, a one-carbon unit derived from both endogenous sources and environmental exposure, regulates one-carbon metabolism by inhibiting the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the major methyl donor in cells. Formaldehyde reacts with privileged, hyperreactive cysteine sites in the proteome, including Cys120 in S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 (MAT1A). Formaldehyde exposure inhibited MAT1A activity and decreased SAM production with MAT-isoform specificity. A genetic mouse model of chronic formaldehyde overload showed a decrease in SAM and in methylation on selected histones and genes. Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of Mat1a and related genes function as compensatory mechanisms for formaldehyde-dependent SAM depletion, revealing a biochemical feedback cycle between formaldehyde and SAM one-carbon units.
2023-09-05 | GSE242266 | GEO