Use of Bulk Segregant Analysis for Determining the Genetic Basis of Azole Resistance in the Opportunistic Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus
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PROVIDER: PRJNA798608 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Genome sequence data results are reported from experimental and bioinfomatic work using the technique 'Bulk Segregant Analysis' to determine the genetic basis of observed resistance to the azole antifungal compound itraconazole in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus.
2022-05-11 | GSE193956 | GEO
Project description:Comparative analysis of genome wide binding profile of Ncb2 in azole sensitive (AS, Gu4) and azole resistant (AR, Gu5) clinical isolates of Candida albicans. The goal was to study the role of Ncb2 in acquisition of drug resistance by comparing the binding profiles of Ncb2 in both the isolates.
2017-08-01 | GSE76858 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE27405: Transcriptional response of an azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolate [fluconazole]. GSE27407: Transcriptional response of an azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolate [posaconazole]. GSE27408: Transcriptional response of an azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolate [voriconazole]. Refer to individual Series
2011-04-18 | E-GEOD-27409 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In Candida albicans, the transcription factor Upc2 is central to the regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis. UPC2-activating mutations contribute to azole resistance, whereas disruption increases azole susceptibility. In the present study, we investigated the relationship of UPC2 to fluconazole susceptibility, particularly in azole-resistant strains. In addition to the reduced fluconazole MIC previously observed with UPC2 disruption, we observed a lower minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for a upc2Δ/Δ mutant than for its azole-susceptible parent, SC5314. Moreover, the upc2Δ/Δ mutant was unable to grow on a solid medium containing 10 µg/ml fluconazole and exhibited increased susceptibility and a clear zone of inhibition by Etest. Time-kill analysis showed higher fungistatic activity against the upc2Δ/Δ mutant than against SC5314. UPC2 disruption in strains carrying specific resistance mutations also resulted in reduced MICs and MFCs. UPC2 disruption in a highly azole resistant clinical isolate containing multiple resistance mechanisms likewise resulted in a reduced MIC and MFC. This mutant was unable to grow on a solid medium containing 10 µg/ml fluconazole and exhibited increased susceptibility and a clear zone of inhibition by Etest. Time-kill analysis showed increased fungistatic activity against the upc2Δ/Δ mutant in the resistant background. Microarray analysis showed attenuated induction by fluconazole of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis, iron transport, or iron homeostasis in the absence of UPC2. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the UPC2 transcriptional network is universally essential for azole resistance in C. albicans and represents an attractive target for enhancing azole antifungal activity.
2014-05-24 | GSE57929 | GEO
Project description:Microarray was used to analyze azole resistance of Candida glabrata oropharyngeal isolates from 7 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. Transcriptional profiling of the sequential-paired clinical isolates by microarray revealed 19 genes upregulated in the majority of resistant isolates compared to their paired-susceptible isolates. All seven resistant isolates had greater than two fold upregulation of CgPDR1, a master transcriptional regulator of PDR network, and all 7 resistant isolates showed upregulation of known CgPDR1-target genes. The altered transcriptome can be explained in part by the observation that all 7 resistant isolates had acquired a single nonsynonymous mutation in their CgPDR1 ORF. Four mutations occurred in the regulatory domain (L280P, L344S, G348A, S391L) and one in the activation domain (G943S) while two mutations (N764I, R772I) occurred in an undefined region. Association of azole resistance and the CgPDR1 mutations was investigated in the same genetic background by introducing the CgPDR1 sequences from one sensitive and five resistant isolates into a laboratory azole-sensitive strain (cgpdr1) via integrative transformation. The cgpdr1 strain was restored to wild-type fluconazole susceptibility when transformed with CgPDR1 from the susceptible isolate but became resistant when transformed with CgPDR1 from the resistant isolates. However, despite the identical genetic background, upregulation of CgPDR1 and CgPDR1-target genes varied between the 5 transformants, independent of the domain locations in which the mutations occurred. In sum, gain-of-function mutations in CgPDR1 not only contributed to the clinical azole resistance but different mutations had varying degrees of impact on the CgPDR1-target genes.
2010-07-07 | GSE21355 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3647519 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microarray was used to analyze azole resistance of Candida glabrata oropharyngeal isolates from 7 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. Transcriptional profiling of the sequential-paired clinical isolates by microarray revealed 19 genes upregulated in the majority of resistant isolates compared to their paired-susceptible isolates. All seven resistant isolates had greater than two fold upregulation of CgPDR1, a master transcriptional regulator of PDR network, and all 7 resistant isolates showed upregulation of known CgPDR1-target genes. The altered transcriptome can be explained in part by the observation that all 7 resistant isolates had acquired a single nonsynonymous mutation in their CgPDR1 ORF. Four mutations occurred in the regulatory domain (L280P, L344S, G348A, S391L) and one in the activation domain (G943S) while two mutations (N764I, R772I) occurred in an undefined region. Association of azole resistance and the CgPDR1 mutations was investigated in the same genetic background by introducing the CgPDR1 sequences from one sensitive and five resistant isolates into a laboratory azole-sensitive strain (cgpdr1) via integrative transformation. The cgpdr1 strain was restored to wild-type fluconazole susceptibility when transformed with CgPDR1 from the susceptible isolate but became resistant when transformed with CgPDR1 from the resistant isolates. However, despite the identical genetic background, upregulation of CgPDR1 and CgPDR1-target genes varied between the 5 transformants, independent of the domain locations in which the mutations occurred. In sum, gain-of-function mutations in CgPDR1 not only contributed to the clinical azole resistance but different mutations had varying degrees of impact on the CgPDR1-target genes.
2010-07-07 | GSE21352 | GEO
Project description:The limited number of antifungals and the emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris pose a significant challenge to human medicine. Here, we utilized combinatorial drug therapy as an approach to augment the activity of current azole antifungals against C. auris. We evaluated the fluconazole chemosensitization activity of 1547 FDA-approved drugs and clinical molecules against an azole-resistant strain of C. auris. This led to the discovery that lopinavir, an antiviral drug, is a potent agent capable of sensitizing C. auris to the effect of azole antifungals. At a therapeutically achievable concentration (4-8 µg/ml), lopinavir exhibited potent synergistic interactions with azole drugs, particularly with itraconazole, against C. auris (ΣFICI ranged from 0.05-0.50). The lopinavir/itraconazole combination enhanced the survival rate of C. auris-infected Caenorhabditis elegans by 90% and reduced the fungal burden in infected nematodes by 88.5% (p < 0.05). Moreover, lopinavir enhanced the antifungal activity of itraconazole against other medically important Candida species including C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. Comparative transcriptomic profiling revealed that lopinavir interferes with glucose permeation and ATP synthesis. This compromises the function of the efflux pumps presents in C. auris enhancing sensitivity to azole antifungals, as demonstrated by Nile red efflux assays. This study presents lopinavir as a novel, potent and broad-spectrum azole chemosensitizing agent that warrants further investigation against recalcitrant Candida infections.
2020-10-06 | GSE148341 | GEO
Project description:Microarray was used to analyze azole resistance of Candida glabrata oropharyngeal isolates from 7 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. Transcriptional profiling of the sequential-paired clinical isolates by microarray revealed 19 genes upregulated in the majority of resistant isolates compared to their paired-susceptible isolates. All seven resistant isolates had greater than two fold upregulation of CgPDR1, a master transcriptional regulator of PDR network, and all 7 resistant isolates showed upregulation of known CgPDR1-target genes. The altered transcriptome can be explained in part by the observation that all 7 resistant isolates had acquired a single nonsynonymous mutation in their CgPDR1 ORF. Four mutations occurred in the regulatory domain (L280P, L344S, G348A, S391L) and one in the activation domain (G943S) while two mutations (N764I, R772I) occurred in an undefined region. Association of azole resistance and the CgPDR1 mutations was investigated in the same genetic background by introducing the CgPDR1 sequences from one sensitive and five resistant isolates into a laboratory azole-sensitive strain (cgpdr1) via integrative transformation. The cgpdr1 strain was restored to wild-type fluconazole susceptibility when transformed with CgPDR1 from the susceptible isolate but became resistant when transformed with CgPDR1 from the resistant isolates. However, despite the identical genetic background, upregulation of CgPDR1 and CgPDR1-target genes varied between the 5 transformants, independent of the domain locations in which the mutations occurred. In sum, gain-of-function mutations in CgPDR1 not only contributed to the clinical azole resistance but different mutations had varying degrees of impact on the CgPDR1-target genes. Two groups (C1S/84 and C16R/84) consisted of 4 biological replicates in which a complemented strain sample was paired with the laboratory wild type strain 84 sample. Each group included 1 reciprocally labeled sample.
2010-07-07 | E-GEOD-21355 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In Candida albicans, the transcription factor Upc2 is central to the regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis. UPC2-activating mutations contribute to azole resistance, whereas disruption increases azole susceptibility. In the present study, we investigated the relationship of UPC2 to fluconazole susceptibility, particularly in azole-resistant strains. In addition to the reduced fluconazole MIC previously observed with UPC2 disruption, we observed a lower minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for a upc2M-NM-^T/M-NM-^T mutant than for its azole-susceptible parent, SC5314. Moreover, the upc2M-NM-^T/M-NM-^T mutant was unable to grow on a solid medium containing 10 M-BM-5g/ml fluconazole and exhibited increased susceptibility and a clear zone of inhibition by Etest. Time-kill analysis showed higher fungistatic activity against the upc2M-NM-^T/M-NM-^T mutant than against SC5314. UPC2 disruption in strains carrying specific resistance mutations also resulted in reduced MICs and MFCs. UPC2 disruption in a highly azole resistant clinical isolate containing multiple resistance mechanisms likewise resulted in a reduced MIC and MFC. This mutant was unable to grow on a solid medium containing 10 M-BM-5g/ml fluconazole and exhibited increased susceptibility and a clear zone of inhibition by Etest. Time-kill analysis showed increased fungistatic activity against the upc2M-NM-^T/M-NM-^T mutant in the resistant background. Microarray analysis showed attenuated induction by fluconazole of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis, iron transport, or iron homeostasis in the absence of UPC2. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the UPC2 transcriptional network is universally essential for azole resistance in C. albicans and represents an attractive target for enhancing azole antifungal activity. We examined the genome-wide gene expression profiles of the wild-type parent strain SC5314 and its upc2M-NM-^T/M-NM-^T derivative in response to fluconazole in order to identify genes whose expression in response to fluconazole is influenced by Upc2.
2014-05-24 | E-GEOD-57929 | biostudies-arrayexpress