Bletilla sinensis
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PROVIDER: PRJNA806313 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Bletilla sinensis isolate:wild1 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA777357 | ENA
Project description:Orchids of the genus <i>Bletilla</i> are well-known ornamental plants and sources of traditional medicine in Asia that rely on the symbiotic relationship with root endophytic fungi throughout their whole life cycle. However, little is known about their fungal partners, infection pattern, and pathways of carbon gain. We investigated carbon and nitrogen stable isotope patterns in different organs of three <i>Bletilla</i> species, identified the root endophytic fungal community composition, and determined mycorrhizal colonization rates. The three <i>Bletilla</i> species were comprised by a polyphyletic group which belongs to different trophic modes, such as saprotroph, pathotroph, and symbiotroph; however, the dominant species and their abundances varied among <i>Bletilla</i> spp. Mycorrhizal infection rates also varied among <i>Bletilla</i> species, with <i>B. striata</i> (65% ± 25%) being significantly higher than those of <i>B. formosana</i> (35% ± 16%) and <i>B. ochracea</i> (22% ± 13%). Compared with surrounding autotrophic plants, all <i>Bletilla</i> spp. were significantly enriched in <sup>13</sup>C with <i>B. striata</i> to a significantly higher level than other two <i>Bletilla</i> species. Among different organs, stems had higher ?<sup>13</sup>C values, while leaves and flowers had higher ?<sup>15</sup>N and total N content values across all three species. Our results indicate that the symbiotic relationship of <i>Bletilla</i> and its root endophytic fungi is not strictly specific. Although mycorrhizal infection rates were highly variable, the three <i>Bletilla</i> species had the same infection pattern with hyphae penetrating the cortex cell by the pathway cell. Different <i>Bletilla</i> species have different strategies for C allocation among plant organs. These findings provide new insights into the ecological adaptation of orchids and will contribute to <i>Bletilla</i> germplasm conservation and sustainable utilization.
2021-01-01 | S-EPMC7909265 | BioStudies
Project description:Chloroplast (cp) genome sequences have been become a useful tool for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies in the herb. In this study, the complete cp genome of <i>Bletilla striata</i> was assembled. The complete cp genome is circular of 157,016 base pairs (bp) in length, which harbours a large single-copy region (85,821?bp), a small single-copy region (17,743?bp), and two inverted-repeat regions (each one of 26,726?bp). The cp genome of <i>B. striata</i> contains 139 genes, including 94 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 transfer RNA (tRNAs), and 8 ribosome RNA (rRNAs). The overall nucleotide content of the cp genome is A of 31.0%, T of 31.8%, C of 18.9%, and G of 18.3%, with a total AT content of 62.8% and GC content of 37.2%. However, the phylogenetic relationship analysis using maximum-likelihood (ML) method, which the result showed that the position of <i>B. striata</i> was situated as <i>Bletilla ochracea</i> in Orchidaceae. This study will be helpful for studies on the cp genetic engineering and medicinal herb value of Orchidaceae species in further.
2019-01-01 | S-EPMC7707358 | BioStudies
Project description:Mycorrhizae are an important energy source for orchids that may replace or supplement photosynthesis. Most mature orchids rely on mycorrhizae throughout their life cycles. However, little is known about temporal variation in root endophytic fungal diversity and their trophic functions throughout whole growth periods of the orchids. In this study, the community composition of root endophytic fungi and trophic relationships between root endophytic fungi and orchids were investigated in <i>Bletilla striata</i> and <i>B. ochracea</i> at different phenological stages using stable isotope natural abundance analysis combined with molecular identification analysis. We identified 467 OTUs assigned to root-associated fungal endophytes, which belonged to 25 orders in 10 phyla. Most of these OTUs were assigned to saprotroph (143 OTUs), pathotroph-saprotroph (63 OTUs) and pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph (18 OTUs) using FunGuild database. Among these OTUs, about 54 OTUs could be considered as putative species of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). For both <i>Bletilla</i> species, significant temporal variation was observed in the diversity of root endophytic fungi. The florescence and emergence periods had higher fungal community richness of total species and endemic species than did other periods. Both <i>Bletilla</i> species were dominated by Agaricomycetes and Basidiomycota fungi throughout the whole year; however, their abundances varied between two <i>Bletilla</i> species and among phenological stages. Meanwhile, the ranges of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N natural abundance were also highly dynamic across all growth stages of <i>Bletilla</i> species. Compared with the surrounding autotrophic plants, significant <sup>13</sup>C enrichments (?<sup>13</sup>C) were found across all phenological stages, while significant <sup>15</sup>N enrichment in the florescence period and strong <sup>15</sup>N depletion during the fruiting period were found for both <i>Bletilla</i> species. We can deduce that both <i>Bletilla</i> species obtained carbon from root endophytic fungi during the whole year. Additionally, the temporal varying tendency of root endophytic fungal diversity was consistent with <sup>13</sup>C enrichments, which was also accord with the nutritional requirement of plant.
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7824424 | BioStudies
Project description:Ethanol extract of Bletilla striata has remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities in the rat silicosis model. However, its active substances and molecular mechanism are still unclear. To uncover the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanism of the Bletilla striata extract, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation model and phospho antibody array were used. Coelonin, a dihydrophenanthrene compound was isolated and identified. It significantly inhibited LPS-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression at 2.5 μg/mL. The microarray data indicate that the phosphorylation levels of 32 proteins in the coelonin pre-treated group were significantly down-regulated. In particular, the phosphorylation levels of the key inflammatory regulators factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were significantly reduced, and the negative regulator phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome ten (PTEN) was reduced. Moreover, the phosphorylation level of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1), another downstream molecule regulated by PTEN was also reduced significantly. Western blot and confocal microscopy results confirmed that coelonin inhibited LPS-induced PTEN phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, then inhibited NF-κB activation and p27Kip1 degradation by regulating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases/ v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (PI3K/AKT) pathway negatively. However, PTEN inhibitor co-treatment analysis indicated that the inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression by coelonin was independent of PTEN, whereas the inhibition of p27Kip1 degradation resulted in cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase, which was dependent on PTEN. The anti-inflammatory activity of coelonin in vivo, which is one of the main active ingredients of Bletilla striata, deserves further study.
2019-01-01 | S-EPMC6770560 | BioStudies
Project description:Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) is the main component of Bletilla striata, which has important pharmacological and pharmacological effects; however, due to the lack of genetic data, the metabolic pathways of BSP remain unclear. For this study, 11 representative resources of B. striata were analyzed, and the BSP contents of the different samples were significantly different; however, the monosaccharide composition of BSP was glucose and mannose. The representative samples were selected to observe their life history in situ, which were then divided and cultured in a greenhouse. Finally, samples from various organs of different plants were combined for transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina system. Our results summarized the BSP metabolic pathway, and we found that there were eight enzyme genes involved in biosynthesis, but these genes showed tissue specificity. Following qRT-PCR validation and comparative analysis, manA showed the highest expression; however, there were significant differences between the two germplasm resources in which the BSP content was significantly different, while UGP2, GPI, PMM, and GMPP had significant differences between the two samples. In summary, this study lays the foundation for further research into BSP metabolism and other physiological processes at the molecular level.
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7315133 | BioStudies
Project description:Bletilla striata Transcriptome or Gene expression
| PRJNA479478 | ENA
Project description:BACKGROUND: The protein-protein interaction network (PIN) is an effective information tool for understanding the complex biological processes inside the cell and solving many biological problems such as signaling pathway identification and prediction of protein functions. Eriocheir sinensis is a highly-commercial aquaculture species with an unclear proteome background which hinders the construction and development of PIN for E. sinensis. However, in recent years, the development of next-generation deep-sequencing techniques makes it possible to get high throughput data of E. sinensis tanscriptome and subsequently obtain a systematic overview of the protein-protein interaction system. RESULTS: In this work we sequenced the transcriptional RNA of eyestalk, Y-organ and hepatopancreas in E. sinensis and generated a PIN of E. sinensis which included 3,223 proteins and 35,787 interactions. Each protein-protein interaction in the network was scored according to the homology and genetic relationship. The signaling sub-network, representing the signal transduction pathways in E. sinensis, was extracted from the global network, which depicted a global view of the signaling systems in E. sinensis. Seven basic signal transduction pathways were identified in E. sinensis. By investigating the evolution paths of the seven pathways, we found that these pathways got mature in different evolutionary stages. Moreover, the functions of unclassified proteins and unigenes in the PIN of E. sinensis were predicted. Specifically, the functions of 549 unclassified proteins related to 864 unclassified unigenes were assigned, which respectively covered 76% and 73% of all the unclassified proteins and unigenes in the network. CONCLUSIONS: The PIN generated in this work is the first large-scale PIN of aquatic crustacean, thereby providing a paradigmatic blueprint of the aquatic crustacean interactome. Signaling sub-network extracted from the global PIN depicts the interaction of different signaling proteins and the evolutionary paths of the identified signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, the function assignment of unclassified proteins based on the PIN offers a new reference in protein function exploration. More importantly, the construction of the E. sinensis PIN provides necessary experience for the exploration of PINs in other aquatic crustacean species.
2014-01-01 | S-EPMC3986667 | BioStudies
Project description:Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been used as a traditional medicine or healthy food in China for thousands of years. Hirsutella sinensis was reported as the only correct anamorph of O. sinensis. It is reported that the laboratory-grown H. sinensis mycelium has similar clinical efficacy and less associated toxicity compared to the wild O. sinensis. The research of the H. sinensis is becoming more and more important and urgent. To gain deeper insight into the biological and pharmacological mechanisms, we sequenced the genome of H. sinensis. The genome of H. sinensis (102.72 Mb) was obtained for the first time, with?>?99% coverage. 10,200 protein-encoding genes were predicted based on the genome sequence. A detailed secondary metabolism analysis and structure verification of the main ingredients were performed, and the biosynthesis pathways of seven ingredients (mannitol, cordycepin, purine nucleotides, pyrimidine nucleotides, unsaturated fatty acid, cordyceps polysaccharide and sphingolipid) were predicted and drawn. Furthermore, infection process and mechanism of H. sinensis were studied and elaborated in this article. The enzymes involved in the infection mechanism were also predicted, cloned and expressed to verify the mechanism. The genes and proteins were predicted and annotated based on the genome sequence. The pathways of several active components in H. sinensis were predicted and key enzymes were confirmed. The work presented here would improve the understanding of the genetic basis of this organism, and contribute to further research, production and application of H. sinensis.
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7270455 | BioStudies