Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA812359 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthetase (cGAS) has emerged as a fundamental component fueling the anti-pathogen immunity. Because of its pivotal role in initiating innate immune response, the activity of cGAS must be tightly fine-tuned to maintain immune homeostasis in antiviral response. Here, we reported that neddylation modification was indispensable for appropriate cGAS-STING signaling activation. Blocking neddylation pathway using neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 substantially impaired the induction of type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines, which was selectively dependent on Nedd8 E2 enzyme Ube2m. We further found that deficiency of the Nedd8 E3 ligase Rnf111 greatly attenuated DNA-triggered cGAS activation while not affecting cGAMP induced activation of STING, demonstrating that Rnf111 was the Nedd8 E3 ligase of cGAS. We further identified Lys231 and Lys421 as the key neddylation sites in human cGAS. Mechanistically, Rnf111 interacted with and polyneddylated cGAS, which in turn promoted its dimerization and enhanced the DNA-binding ability, leading to proper cGAS-STING pathway activation. In the same line, the Ube2m or Rnf111 deficiency mice exhibited severe defects in innate immune response and were susceptible to HSV-1 infection. Collectively, our study uncovered a vital role of the Ube2m-Rnf111 neddylation axis in promoting the activity of the cGAS-STING pathway and highlighted the importance of neddylation modification in antiviral defense.
2021-02-22 | PXD024088 | Pride
Project description:In innate immune cells, intracellular sensors such as cGAS-STING stimulate type I/III interferon (IFN) expression, which promotes antiviral defense and immune activation. However, how IFN-I/III expression is controlled in adaptive cells is poorly understood. Here, we identify a transcriptional rheostat orchestrated by RELA that confers human T cells with innate-like abilities to produce IFN-I/III. Despite intact cGAS-STING signaling, IFN-I/III responses are stunted in CD4+ T cells compared with dendritic cells or macrophages. We find that lysine residues in RELA tune the IFN-I/III response at baseline and in response to STING stimulation in CD4+ T cells. This response requires positive feedback driven by cGAS and IRF7 expression. By combining RELA with IRF3 and DNA demethylation, IFN-I/III production in CD4+ T cells reaches levels observed in dendritic cells. IFN-I/III production provides self-protection of CD4+ T cells against HIV infection and enhances the elimination of tumor cells by CAR T cells. Therefore, innate-like functions can be tuned and leveraged in human T cells.
2023-02-16 | GSE182647 | GEO
Project description:Type I interferon (IFN) signalling is tightly controlled. Upon recognition of DNA by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) translocates along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi axis to induce IFN signalling. Afterwards, signal termination is achieved through autophagic degradation of STING, or STING recycling by retrograde COPI-mediated transport. Here we identify the GTPase ARF1 as a negative regulator of cGAS-STING signaling. Heterozygous ARF1 missense mutations cause a novel type I interferonopathy associated with enhanced IFN stimulated gene production. Expression of patient-derived, GTPase-defective, ARF1 in cell lines and primary cells results in increased cGAS-STING dependent type I IFN signalling. Mechanistically, mutated ARF1 both induces activation of cGAS by aberrant mitochondrial DNA, and promotes accumulation of active STING at the Golgi/ERGIC due to defective COPI retrograde transport. Our data establish ARF1 as a key factor in cGAS-STING homeostasis, which is required to maintain mitochondrial integrity and promote STING recycling.
2022-06-23 | MSV000089711 | MassIVE
Project description:<p>Healthy behavioral patterns could modulate organ functions to enhance the body’s immunity. However, whether exercise regulates antiviral innate immunity remains elusive. Here, we found that exercise promotes type-I IFN (IFN-I) production in the liver and enhances IFN-I immune activity of the body. Despite the possibility that many exercise-induced factors could regulate IFN-I production, we identified Gpld1 as a crucial molecule and the liver as the major organ to promote IFN-I production after exercise. Exercise largely loses the efficiency to induce IFN-I in Gpld1-/- mice. Further studies demonstrated that exercise-produced 3-hydroxybutanoic acid (3-HB) critically induces Gpld1 expression in the liver. Gpld1 blocks the PP2A-IRF3 interaction and therefore enhances IRF3 activation and IFN-I production, and improves the body’s antiviral ability. This study reveals that the exercise behavior improves antiviral innate immunity by linking the liver metabolism to systemic IFN-I activity, and uncovers an unknown function of liver cells in innate immunity.</p>
2024-04-24 | MTBLS7972 | MetaboLights
Project description:Innate DNA sensing via the cGAS-STING pathway surveys both microbial invasion and cellular damage, constituting a ubiquitous mechanism for host defense and tissue homeostasis. However, very little is known about the signaling mechanism(s) and physiological impacts downstream of cGAS-STING signaling and independent of the classical TBK1-IRF3-IFN cascade. Here, we identified an unrecognized STING-PERK-eIF2α signaling axis that was specific and controlled cap-dependent translation, a fundamental cellular process. STING, upon activation by 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), robustly bound and directly activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located kinase PERK, and this process was upstream of IRF3 activation and independent of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and TBK1/IKKε. Innate DNA sensing suppressed global translation programs but selectively ensured the activation of some pathways by PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation and the rapid regulation of protein synthesis, enabling translational modulation of immune responses. Notably, the STING-PERK-eIF2α axis is an evolutionarily primitive component of STING-TBKI-IRF3-IFN signaling and is physiologically critical in pulmonary and renal fibrosis as well as in the regulation of cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings establish the first noncanonical pathway of the cGAS-STING mechanism and demonstrate the physiological importance of this STING-triggered selective translation, which we propose as a promising therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
2022-03-07 | GSE165910 | GEO
Project description:Innate DNA sensing via the cGAS-STING pathway surveys both microbial invasion and cellular damage, constituting a ubiquitous mechanism for host defense and tissue homeostasis. However, very little is known about the signaling mechanism(s) and physiological impacts downstream of cGAS-STING signaling and independent of the classical TBK1-IRF3-IFN cascade. Here, we identified an unrecognized STING-PERK-eIF2α signaling axis that was specific and controlled cap-dependent translation, a fundamental cellular process. STING, upon activation by 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), robustly bound and directly activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located kinase PERK, and this process was upstream of IRF3 activation and independent of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and TBK1/IKKε. Innate DNA sensing suppressed global translation programs but selectively ensured the activation of some pathways by PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation and the rapid regulation of protein synthesis, enabling translational modulation of immune responses. Notably, the STING-PERK-eIF2α axis is an evolutionarily primitive component of STING-TBKI-IRF3-IFN signaling and is physiologically critical in pulmonary and renal fibrosis as well as in the regulation of cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings establish the first noncanonical pathway of the cGAS-STING mechanism and demonstrate the physiological importance of this STING-triggered selective translation, which we propose as a promising therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
2024-01-18 | GSE165123 | GEO
Project description:Targeting FBXO44 or SUV39H1 transcriptionally reactivates repetitive elements, triggering RIG-I-MDA5-MAVS and cGAS-STING antiviral defense responses and IFN signaling, specifically in cancer cells
2021-03-26 | GSE139974 | GEO
Project description:Virus infection may induce excessive interferon (IFN) responses that can lead to host tissue injury or even death. β-arrestin 2 regulates multiple cellular events through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. Here we demonstrate that β-arrestin 2 also promotes virus-induced production of IFN-β and clearance of viruses in macrophages. β-arrestin 2 interacts with cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and increases the binding of dsDNA to cGAS to enhance cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) production and the downstreatm stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and innate immune responses. Mechanistically, deacetylation of β-arrestin 2 at Lys171 facilitates the activation of the cGAS–STING signaling and the production of IFN-β. In vitro, viral infection induces the degradation of β-arrestin 2 to facilitate immune evasion, while a β-blocker, carvedilol, rescues β-arrestin 2 expression to maintain the antiviral immune response. Our results thus identify a viral immune-evasion pathway via the degradation of β-arrestin 2, and also hint that carvedilol, approved for treating heart failure, can potentially be repurposed as an antiviral drug candidate.
2020-10-22 | GSE159735 | GEO
Project description:Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), the central hub protein of the cGAS-STING signaling, is essential for type I IFN production of innate immunity. However, prolonged or excessive activation of STING is highly related to autoimmune diseases, most of which exhibit the hallmark of elevated expression of type I interferons and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Thus, the activity of STING must be stringently controlled to maintain immune homeostasis. Here, we reported that CK1α, a protein serine/threonine kinase, was essential to prevent the over-activation of STING-mediated type I IFN signaling through autophagic degradation of STING. Mechanistically, CK1α interacted with STING upon the cGAS-STING pathway activation and promoted STING autophagic degradation by enhancing the phosphorylation of p62 at serine 349, which was critical for p62 mediated STING autophagic degradation. Consistently, SSTC3, a selective CK1α agonist, significantly attenuated the response of the cGAS-STING signaling by promoting STING autophagic degradation. Importantly, pharmaceutical activation of CK1α using SSTC3 markedly repressed the systemic autoinflammatory responses in the Trex1-/- mouse autoimmune disease model and effectively suppressed the production of IFNs and ISGs in the PBMCs of SLE patients. Taken together, our study reveals a novel regulatory role of CK1α in the autophagic degradation of STING to maintain immune homeostasis. Manipulating CK1α through SSTC3 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating STING-mediated aberrant type I IFNs in autoimmune diseases.
2024-01-31 | GSE226593 | GEO
Project description:Epigenetic mechanism contributes to immune landscapes in cancer. Here we identify the SETDB1-TRIM28 complex as a critical suppressor of antitumor immunity. An epigenetic CRISPR-Cas9 screen of 1,218 chromatin regulators identified TRIM28 as a novel suppressor of PD-L1 expression. We revealed that expression of the SETDB1-TRIM28 complex negatively correlates with infiltration of effector CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of SETDB1-TRIM28 simultaneously upregulates PD-L1 and activates the cGAS-STING innate immune response to increase infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, SETDB1-TRIM28 inhibition leads to micronuclei formation in cytoplasm, a known activator of the cGAS-STING pathway. Thus, SETDB1-TRIM28 inhibition bridges the innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, SETDB1 knockout enhances the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockade anti-PD-L1 in an ovarian cancer mouse model in a cGAS dependent manner. Our findings establish SETDB1-TRIM28 complex as a regulator of antitumor immunity and its loss activates cGAS-STING innate immunity to boost antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockades.
2021-10-20 | GSE182197 | GEO