Project description:Natural metabolite itaconate and its membrane permeable derivative dimethyl itaconate (DI) selectively inhibit a subset of cytokines during macrophage activation (e.g. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 but not TNF-α). Selectivity of DI action stems from the inhibitory effects of secondary, but not primary, wave of NF-κB signaling.
Project description:Analysis of gene expression in WT and ISG15 KO endothelial cells, stimulated with IFNa and treated with Itaconic acid (IA), Dimethyl itaconate (DI), 4-octyl itaconate (4OI) and ruxolitinib (RUX) to investigate the effects of treatments on transcriptional response in the cells.
Project description:Analysis of gene expression in human PBMCs infected with influenza A virus or Mock and treated with Itaconic acid, Dimethyl itaconate or 4-Octyl itaconate to investigate the effects itaconate have on transcriptional response in human PBMCs. We particularly looked at anti-inflammatory effects of itaconate in inflammation followed by Influenza A virus infection.
Project description:Remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a metabolic adaptation mechanism accompanying inflammatory macrophage activation. During this process, endogenous metabolites can adopt regulatory roles that govern specific aspects of inflammatory response, as recently shown for succinate, which regulates the downstream pro-inflammatory IL-1β-HIF1a axis. Itaconate is one of the most highly induced metabolites in activated macrophages, yet its functional significance remains unknown. Here, we show that itaconate modulates macrophage metabolism and effector functions via its effect on succinate dehydrogenase, by inhibiting conversion of succinate to fumarate. Through this action, itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory effects when administered in vitro and in vivo during macrophage activation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using newly generated Irg1-/- mice, which lack the ability to produce itaconate, we show that endogenous itaconate regulates succinate levels and function, changes in mitochondrial respiration, and inflammatory cytokine production during macrophage activation. These studies highlight itaconate as a major physiological regulator of the global metabolic rewiring and effector functions of inflammatory macrophages. Experiment 1: mature WT BMDM were treated for 12h with 0.25 mM dimethyl itaconate (DI) or vehicle (Unst) and then stimulated with LPS (E. coli 0111:B4; 100 ng/ml, 4h) (DI+LPS; LPS); Experiment 2: mature Irg1-/- BMDM were stimulated with LPS (E. coli 0111:B4; 100 ng/ml) and murine recombinant IFNg (50 ng/ml) for 24h.
Project description:Itaconic acid and its variant Dimethyl itaconate (DI) have shown an anti-inflammatory effect in different human cell lines and PBMCs during Infleunza A virus (IAV) infection. In this experiment, we further explored which cell types in PBMCs respond to IAV infection and DI treatment.
Project description:Analysis of gene expression in A549 cells infected with influenza A virus or Mock and treated with Itaconic acid (IA), or Dimethyl itaconate (DI) to investigate the effects itaconate have on transcriptional response in A549 cells. We particularly looked at anti-inflammatory effects of itaconate in inflammation followed by Influenza A virus infection.
Project description:Macrophages are involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases as critical cells of the innate immune system. Pyroptosis is a form of macrophage death that induces cytokinesis of phagocytic substances in the macrophages, thereby defending against infection. Dimethyl itaconate (DI) is an analog of itaconic acid with anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of dimethyl itaconate on macrophage pyroptosis has not been elucidated clearly. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the effect of DI treatment on a macrophage pyroptosis model (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS+Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP). The results showed that 0.25 mM DI ameliorated macrophage pyroptosis and downregulated interleukin (IL)-1β expression. Then, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to confirm the result of RNA-sequencing of the upregulated oxidative stress-related genes (Gclc and Gss) and downregulated inflammation-related genes (IL-12β and IL-1β). In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that differential genes were associated with transcript levels and DNA replication. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed that signaling pathways, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Jak, Toll-like receptor and IL-17, were altered after DI treatment. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reversed the DI effect on the LPS+ATP-induced macrophage pyroptosis and upregulated the IL-1β expression. Oxidative stress-related protein Nrf2 is involved in the DI regulation of macrophage pyroptosis. Taken together, these findings suggested that DI alleviates the pyroptosis of macrophages through oxidative stress.
Project description:Analysis of gene expression indTHP-1 cells infected with influenza A virus or Mock and treated with Itaconic acid (IA), or Dimethyl itaconate (DI) to investigate the effects itaconate have on transcriptional response in dTHP-1 cells. We particularly looked at anti-inflammatory effects of itaconate in inflammation followed by Influenza A virus infection.