Project description:Gene expression cascade in a plant is altered in times of stress. Reprogramming of the expression profiles of genes is required for a robust and specific response. Until now, tomato transcriptomic alteration in response to Alternaria fungal stress were not known. This study presents the profile of genes that are differentially expressed during Alternaria stress in local tomato cultivar (Pusa Ruby). At least 2944 genes expression was varied and pathways that are altered during this compatible interaction have been identified. Supported by DBT, Govt. of India.
Project description:Jiashi melon and 86-1 melon were inoculated with Alternaria alternata, and the difference of gene expression was analyzed after 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 days storage.
Project description:Background: Alternaria exposure is associated with severe asthma in humans. Alternaria exposure in mice potently activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) via the IL-33/ST2 axis and causes ILC2s to robustly secrete type 2 cytokines. Objective: Our aim was to determine whether conventionally used ILC2 markers, ST2 (IL-33R) and CD127 (IL-7Ra), were sufficient to identify all Th2-cytokine producing ILCs after Alternaria exposure. Methods: Mice received intranasal Alternaria for three days prior to analysis. Lung ILCs were identified by flow cytometry as CD45+Lineage−Thy1.2+ lymphocyte-sized cells, divided into four subsets based on ST2 and CD127 expression, and stained for intracellular cytokines and transcription factors. Sort-purified ILC subpopulations were also analyzed by RNA sequencing and qPCR. Results: Alternaria exposure led to accumulation of all ILC populations regardless of ST2 or CD127 expression. Nearly half of the GATA-3+, IL-5+, and IL-13+ ILCs were “unconventional” as they were either single or double negative for ST2/CD127. Further, these populations upregulated CD25, KLRG1, and ICOS after Alternaria challenge. Some activated unconventional IL-5+ ILC2s also produced IFNγ and IL-17A. In addition to shared ILC2 transcripts (Gata3, Il5, Il13) in all populations, RNA-seq further identified novel transcripts enriched in each subset. Finally, transcripts from all populations that correlated best with IL-5 and IL-13 production included Tnfrsf18, Ffar2, and Pde4b. Conclusions: Unconventional ST2- and CD127-negative mouse lung ILC2 populations are induced by Alternaria. Thus, commonly used lung ILC2 identification methods based on ST2 and CD127 do not accurately account for the total ILC2 burden and may exclude nearly half of these cells.
