Project description:This Project deals with the sequencing of ITS1 region, which is highly variable both in length and in nucleotide sequence for different yeast using yeast-specific primers ITS1 and ITS2. A total of 19 samples involving different brain regions from patients with different conditions were analysed. Of these, 10 are controls-healthy patients and 9 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
Project description:RNA co-immunoprecipitations with C-terminal protein A-tagged She proteins. One liter of cells were cultured at 30 degrees in YPAD medium and collected during exponential growth by centrifugation. Cells were washed twice and broken mechanically with glass beads. Extracts were incubated with IgG-agarose beads (Sigma). The beads were washed four times, and She proteins were released from the beads by cleavage with TEV-protease (Invitrogen). RNA was isolated by phenol/chloroform extraction and isopropanol precipitation from TEV eluates, which corresponds to the purified fraction, and from extracts (input). Both RNA samples, input and purified, were reverse transcribed and labeled with the fluorescent dyes Cy3 and Cy5 (Amersham), respectively. The samples were mixed and competitively hybridized to yeast DNA microarrays containing all yeast genes Set of arrays organized by shared biological context, such as organism, tumors types, processes, etc. Keywords: Logical Set
Project description:Metabolomics, a new branch of chemical biology, provides compositional and quantitative information about the state of organism or cell at the levels of metabolite constituents. We here report non-targeted metabolome of human blood that is made up of plasma and red blood cells (RBCs), using liquid-chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Previously, metabolome of a microbe, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, was reported. Two sets of metabolome results are highly similar in their compositions: among 133 compounds identified in human blood, 101 (75%) are also present in S. pombe, and among 57 compounds enriched in RBC, 45 (78%) are also present in S. pombe. Most abundant metabolites are ATP, glutathione and glutamine. Many of other relatively abundant metabolites identified are also implicated in energy, anti-oxidant and amino acid metabolism. We show fourteen newly-identified blood compounds; citramalate, GDP-glucose, trimethyl-histidine, trimethyl-phenylalanine, trimethyl-tryptophan, trimethyl-tyrosine, UDP-acetyl-glucosamine, UDP-glucuronate, dimethyl-lysine, glutamate methyl ester, N-acetyl-(iso)leucine, N-acetyl-glutamate, N2-acetyl-lysine, and N6-acetyl-lysine (the first eight are enriched in RBC). Ten of them are also detected in S. pombe, and ten of them are methylated or acetylated, amino acids. Trimethylated or acetylated free amino acids are also abundant in white blood cell. Their physiologic role may be investigated in the future by yeast genetics. </p> Blood was separated by low speed (120 x g) centrifugation for 15 min. Resulting supernatant (plasma fraction) and pellet (RBC fraction) were collected (each 0.2 ml). Blood was donated four times within 24 hours bysingle person, samples were processed separetely. By measuring metabolites we could determine their distribution between plasma and RBC fractions.
Project description:We used massively parallel sequencing to discover and characterize small RNAs (sRNAs) from fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus. We found that, unlike in related S. pombe, a substantial fraction of sRNAs maps to transposons, both telomeric and centromeric.
Project description:In ribosome biogenesis, a large fraction of ribosomes is used for producing ribosomal proteins. Here, we deal with the question what fraction of ribosomes should be allocated for synthesis of ribosomal proteins to optimize the cellular economy for growth. We define the "r-fraction" as the fraction of mRNA of the ribosomal protein genes out of the total mRNA and simulated how the amount of the total protein is affected by the r-fraction. Then, we empirically measured the amount of protein and RNA in fission yeast cells cultured at a high or low nitrogen source. In the cells cultured at a low nitrogen source, the r-fraction decreased from 0.46 to 0.42 with a 40% reduction of rRNA, but the reduction of the total protein was smaller at 30%. These results indicate that the r-fraction is internally controlled to optimize the efficiency of protein synthesis at a limited cellular cost.
Project description:Yeast protein microarrays were utilized to investigate determinants of S-nitrosylation by biologically relevant low-mass S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). Large numbers of S-nitrosylated yeast proteins were identified after treatment with SNOs, among which those with active-site Cys thiols residing at N termini of alpha-helices or within catalytic loops were particularly prominent. However, S-nitrosylation varied substantially even within these families of proteins (e.g., papain-related Cys-dependent hydrolases and rhodanese/Cdc25 phosphatases), suggesting that neither secondary structure nor intrinsic nucleophilicity of Cys thiols was sufficient to explain specificity. Further analyses revealed a substantial influence of NO-donor stereochemistry and structure on efficiency of S-nitrosylation as well as an unanticipated and important role for allosteric effectors. Thus, high-throughput screening and unbiased proteome coverage reveal multifactorial determinants of S-nitrosylation (which may be overlooked in alternative proteomic analyses), and support the idea that target specificity can be achieved through rational design of S-nitrosothiols Invitrogen yeast Protoarrays for kinase substrate identification (KSI) were treated with S-nitrosothiols and assayed for protein S-nitrosylation by using a modified biotin switch protocol. Slides were scanned and with a Genepix 4000b scanner (Molecular Devices) using Genepix Pro and analyzed by using Prospector Analyzer (Invitrogen). Results were validated using yeast cell lysates and recombinant, purified yeast proteins.
Project description:RNA co-immunoprecipitations with C-terminal protein A-tagged She proteins. One liter of cells were cultured at 30 degrees in YPAD medium and collected during exponential growth by centrifugation. Cells were washed twice and broken mechanically with glass beads. Extracts were incubated with IgG-agarose beads (Sigma). The beads were washed four times, and She proteins were released from the beads by cleavage with TEV-protease (Invitrogen). RNA was isolated by phenol/chloroform extraction and isopropanol precipitation from TEV eluates, which corresponds to the purified fraction, and from extracts (input). Both RNA samples, input and purified, were reverse transcribed and labeled with the fluorescent dyes Cy3 and Cy5 (Amersham), respectively. The samples were mixed and competitively hybridized to yeast DNA microarrays containing all yeast genes
Project description:The vast landscape of RNA-protein interactions at the heart of post-transcriptional regulation remains largely unexplored. Indeed it is likely that, even in yeast, a substantial fraction of the regulatory RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) remain to be discovered. Systematic experimental methods can play a key role in discovering these RBPs - most of the known yeast RBPs lack RNA-binding domains that might enable this activity to be predicted. We describe here a new proteome-wide approach to identify RNA-protein interactions based on in vitro binding of RNA samples to yeast protein microarrays that represent over 80% of the yeast proteome. We used this procedure to screen for novel RBPs and RNA-protein interactions. A complementary mass spectrometry technique also identified proteins that associate with yeast mRNAs. Both the protein microarray and mass spectrometry methods successfully identify previously annotated RBPs, suggesting that other proteins identified in these assays might be novel RBPs. Of 35 putative novel RBPs identified by either or both of these methods, 12, including 75% of the eight most highly-ranked candidates, reproducibly associated with specific cellular RNAs. Surprisingly, most of the 12 newly discovered RBPs were enzymes. Functional characteristics of the RNA targets of some of the novel RBPs suggest coordinated post-transcriptional regulation of subunits of protein complexes and a possible link between mRNA trafficking and vesicle transport. Our results suggest that many more RBPs still remain to be identified and provide a set of candidates for further investigation.
Project description:Yeast protein microarrays were utilized to investigate determinants of S-nitrosylation by biologically relevant low-mass S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). Large numbers of S-nitrosylated yeast proteins were identified after treatment with SNOs, among which those with active-site Cys thiols residing at N termini of alpha-helices or within catalytic loops were particularly prominent. However, S-nitrosylation varied substantially even within these families of proteins (e.g., papain-related Cys-dependent hydrolases and rhodanese/Cdc25 phosphatases), suggesting that neither secondary structure nor intrinsic nucleophilicity of Cys thiols was sufficient to explain specificity. Further analyses revealed a substantial influence of NO-donor stereochemistry and structure on efficiency of S-nitrosylation as well as an unanticipated and important role for allosteric effectors. Thus, high-throughput screening and unbiased proteome coverage reveal multifactorial determinants of S-nitrosylation (which may be overlooked in alternative proteomic analyses), and support the idea that target specificity can be achieved through rational design of S-nitrosothiols
Project description:Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that depend on host factors to complete their infection cycle. Very little is known of which plant factors are required for successful Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) infection. The viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) fraction from TSWV infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants was purified and its protein composition was analysed by proteomics by mass spectrometry to identify host proteins that co-purify with viral RNPs. Related, we expressed a TSWV replicon system in a non-host system, Bakers’ yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and purified as well the RNP fraction from yeast. Comparative proteomics was used to find common enriched proteins observed in both yeast and plant RNP fractions.