Dataset Information

Lotus seed development

ABSTRACT: Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) belongs to Nelumbonaceae family. Its seeds are widely consumed in Asia countries as snacks or even medicine. Besides the market values, lotus seed also plays crucial roles in lotus life cycle. Consequently, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding on the development of lotus seed. During its development, lotus seed undergoes cell division, expansion, reserve accumulation, desiccation and maturation phases. We observed the morphological and biochemical changes of lotus seed from 10 to 25 days after pollination (DAP) which was corresponding to the reserve synthesis and accumulation phase. The volume of the seed expanded until 20 DAP with the color of the seed coat changing from yellow-green to dark green and gradually faded again. Starch and protein rapidly accumulated from 15 to 20 DAP. To further reveal the metabolism adaptation, primary metabolites and proteins profiles were obtained from the mass spectrometry based platforms. Metabolites and enzymes involved in sugar metabolism, glycolysis, TCA cycle and amino acids metabolism schematized on their biosynthetic pathways. Both metabolic and proteomic profiles indicated more active metabolism from 10 to 15 DAP than after 20 DAP. The results provide a frame of reference for the evaluation of primary metabolism during lotus seed development.

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap

ORGANISM(S): Nelumbo Nucifera (sacred Lotus)

TISSUE(S): Seed

SUBMITTER: Lei Wang

LAB HEAD: Pingfang Yang

PROVIDER: PXD003768 | Pride | 2022-02-22

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Publications

Metabolomic and Proteomic Profiles Reveal the Dynamics of Primary Metabolism during Seed Development of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera).

Wang Lei L Fu Jinlei J Li Ming M Fragner Lena L Weckwerth Wolfram W Yang Pingfang P

Frontiers in plant science 20160607

Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) belongs to the Nelumbonaceae family. Its seeds are widely consumed in Asian countries as snacks or even medicine. Besides the market value, lotus seed also plays a crucial role in the lotus life cycle. Consequently, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the development of lotus seed. During its development, lotus seed undergoes cell division, expansion, reserve accumulation, desiccation, and maturation phases. We observed morphological and bioch ...[more]

PMID: 27375629

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Project description:Lotus is an aquatic plant that is sensitive to water loss, but its seeds are longevous after seed embryo dehydration and maturation. The great difference between the responses of vegetative organs and seeds to dehydration is related to the special protective mechanism in embryos. In this study, tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technologies were used to obtain novel insights into the physiological regulatory networks during lotus seed dehydration process. Totally, 60,266 secondary spectra and 32,093 unique peptides were detected. A total of 5,477 reliable proteins and 815 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified based on TMT data; of these, 582 DEPs were continuously down-regulated and 228 proteins were significantly up-regulated during the whole dehydration process. Bioinformatics and protein-protein interaction network analyses indicated that carbohydrate metabolism (including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and cell wall organization), protein processing in ER, DNA repair, and antioxidative events had positive responses to lotus embryo dehydration. On the contrary, energy metabolism (metabolic pathway, photosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis) and secondary metabolism (terpenoid backbone, steroid, flavonoid biosynthesis) gradually become static status during lotus embryo water loss and maturation. Furthermore, non-enzymatic antioxidants and pentose phosphate pathway play major roles in antioxidant protection during dehydration process in lotus embryo; ABA signaling and the accumulation of oligosaccharides, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, and heat shock proteins may be the key factors to ensure the continuous dehydration and storage tolerance of lotus seed embryo. Stress physiology detection showed that H2O2 was the main ROS component inducing oxidative stress damage, and glutathione and vitamin E acted as the major antioxidant to maintain the REDOX balance of lotus embryo during the dehydration process. These results provide new insights to reveal the physiological regulatory networks of the protective mechanism of embryo dehydration in lotus.

Project description:Nelumbo, a perennial aquatic herbage that belongs to the family of Nelumbonaceae, comprises two extant species: N. nucifera Gaertn. and N. lutea (Wild.) Pers. Based on a previous study, N. nucifera is distributed in over Asia and Northern Australia while N. lutea is found in North America and northern of South America (1). N. nucifera can be divided into two cultivars including temperate lotus and tropical lotus based on its rhizome phenotype. The temperate lotus rhizome is expanded at the end of growth while tropical lotus root is of no significant enlargement during development (2). Normally, the temperate lotus root buds germinate in April, thereafter it takes several days from sowing to long roots and leaves. In mid-to-late may, vertical leaves rise out of the water, following July and August are the blooming period. Secondarily the first half of September is the final flowering period. The fruit ripening period is from late July to mid September, which is also the period of stem expansion and enrichment. After mid-October, it’s the dormant period, which is the lotus storage organ’s substance accumulation period. Thus the storage organ, mainly lotus rhizome, provides the energy for the lifecycle (Fig.1). Lotus rhizome, which is called metamorphic storage organ, is a kind of modified subterraneous stem, like potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber and onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb (3). Most parts of lotus like rhizome, leaf, lotus seed and germ are used for traditional medicine (4). Rhizome especially is a kind of popular vegetable in Asia for its richness in nutrients including starch, proteins, vitamins (5). Nowadays it is a worldwide product in the form of the processed and semi-finished form like tea and vegetables. In general, the development of lotus rhizome can be classified into four stages: stolon stage, initial swelling, middle swelling, and later swelling stage (6, 7). The first three stages mainly focus on cell division and synthesis of some important carbohydrates, like starch, which play a critical part in the quantity and quality of rhizome, while accumulation of starch greatly increases at the last stage. Numerous studies have done in lotus to shed light on the environmental factors and morphometric indexes relevant to rhizome formation (8, 9). Short day light and low temperature promote tuber formation (10, 11). Also genes and proteins related to hormone, photoperiod (12, 13), starch synthesis (14, 15) and flowering time locus family genes were involved in the lotus rhizome formation (16). Previous studies include transcriptomics (6), genomics (17) and certain physiological researches, revealing numerous genes involved in photoperiod pathway, starch metabolism and hormone signal transduction, trying to make lotus a model plant of rhizome growth, while there is a lack of protein-level dynamic analysis and protein phosphorylation information, which is a strong proof for the dynamic processes in lotus rhizome. Proteomics is an indispensable method in storage organs research findings (18, 19), 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-TOF was employed to find some different protein profiles in fresh-cut lotus tuber before and after browning (20). And comparative proteomic was employed to analyze the Horsetail (Equisetum hyemale) underground stem to throw light upon the related proteins of developing rhizomes in ancient vascular plant Equisetum hyemale and different monocot species (21). Proteomics can also assist us in getting the changes of proteins in differently treated samples of potato tuber by using a LC-MS spectral-counting proteomics strategy (1), and shed light on the molecular basis of tuberization in potato to monitor differentially expressed proteins at different development stages (22). But the proteomic study of lotus rhizome enlargement hasn’t been reported now. Here, we employed comparative proteomics and phosphoproteomics to get proteins and its phosphorylation changes in the course of different rhizome development stages. Our data highlights some pathways, proteins and phosphorylated proteins during the development, and the difference between proteome and phosphoproteome in rhizome formation process.

Project description:Hordeum vulgare (barley) hordoindolines (HINs), HINa, HINb1 and HINb2, are orthologous proteins of wheat puroindolines (PINs) that are small, basic, cysteine-rich seed-specific proteins and responsible for grain hardness. Grain hardness, is, next to its protein content, a major quality trait. In barley, HINb is most highly expressed in the mid-stage developed endosperm and is associated with both major endosperm texture and grain hardness. However, data required tounderstand the spatio-temporal dynamics of HIN transcripts and HIN protein regulation during grain filling processes are missing. Using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and proteomics we analyzed HIN transcript and HIN protein abundance from whole seeds (WSs) at four ((6 days after pollination (dap), 10 dap, 12 dap and ≥ 20 dap)) as well as from aleurone, subaleurone and starchy endosperm at two (12 dap and ≥ 20 dap) developmental stages. At the WS level, results from RT-qPCR, proteomics and western blot showed a continuous increase of HIN transcript and HIN protein abundance across these four developmental stages. Miroscopic studies revealed HIN localization mainly at the vacuolar membrane in the aleurone, at protein bodies (PBs) in subaleurone and at the periphery of starch granules in the starchy endosperm. Laser microdissetion (LMD) proteomic analyses identified HINb2 as the most prominent HIN protein in starchy endosperm at ≥ 20 dap. Additionally, our quantification data revealed a poor correlation between transcript and protein levels of HINs in subaleurone during development. Here, we correlated data achieved by RT-qPCR, proteomics and microscopy that reveal different expression and localization pattern of HINs in each layer during barley endosperm development. This indicats a contribution of each tissue to the regulation of HINs during grain filling. The effect of the high protein abundance of HINs in the starchy endosperm and their localization at the periphery of starch granules at late development stages at the high end-product quality is discussed. Understanding the spatio-temporal regulated HINs is essential to improve barley quality traits for high end-product quality, as hard texture of the barley grain is regulated by the ratio between HINb/HINa.

Dataset Information

Lotus seed development

Publications

Metabolomic and Proteomic Profiles Reveal the Dynamics of Primary Metabolism during Seed Development of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera).

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