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In vitro ubiquitination by E3 ligase Cbl-b

ABSTRACT: Fungal infections claim an estimated 1.5 million lives every year. Mechanisms that protect from fungal infections are still elusive. Recognition of fungal pathogens relies on C-type lectin receptors (CLR) and their downstream signaling kinase SYK. Here we report that the E3-ubiquitin-ligase CBL-B controls proximal C-type lectin receptor signaling in macrophages and dendritic cells. We show that CBL-B associates with SYK and ubiquitinates SYK, Dectin-1, and Dectin-2 upon fungal recognition. Functionally, CBL-B deficiency results in increased inflammasome activation, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, and increased fungal killing. Genetic deletion of Cblb protects mice from morbidity caused by cutaneous infection and markedly improves survival upon a lethal systemic infection with Candida albicans. Based on these findings, we engineered a cell-permeable CBL-B inhibitory peptide that protects mice from lethal C. albicans infections. We thus describe a key role for Cblb in the regulation of innate anti-fungal immunity and establish a novel paradigm for the treatment of fungal sepsis.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

SUBMITTER: Richard Imre

LAB HEAD: Josef Penninger

PROVIDER: PXD004256 | Pride | 2016-06-17

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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in vitro ubiquitination by E3 ligase Cbl-b

Project description:Fungal infections claim an estimated 1.5 million lives every year. Mechanisms that protect from fungal infections are still elusive. Recognition of fungal pathogens relies on C-type lectin receptors (CLR) and their downstream signaling kinase SYK. Here we report that the E3-ubiquitin-ligase CBL-B controls proximal C-type lectin receptor signaling in macrophages and dendritic cells. We show that CBL-B associates with SYK and ubiquitinates SYK, Dectin-1, and Dectin-2 upon fungal recognition. Functionally, CBL-B deficiency results in increased inflammasome activation, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, and increased fungal killing. Genetic deletion of Cblb protects mice from morbidity caused by cutaneous infection and markedly improves survival upon a lethal systemic infection with Candida albicans. Based on these findings, we engineered a cell-permeable CBL-B inhibitory peptide that protects mice from lethal C. albicans infections. We thus describe a key role for Cblb in the regulation of innate anti-fungal immunity and establish a novel paradigm for the treatment of fungal sepsis.

2017-03-29 | MSV000080745 | MassIVE

BLNK negatively regulates C-type lectin receptor-mediated antifungal immunity through inhibiting macrophage migration

Project description:B cell linker protein (BLNK) is a pivotal adaptor protein that interfaces the B cell receptor (BCR)-associated spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) to regulate B cell function and development. However, it is still not well understood whether BLNK is involved in Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptor (CLR) signaling in myeloid cells, particularly in the context of antifungal immunity. Here, we show that stimulation with fungi-derived β-glucans or α-mannans induced the phosphorylation of BLNK in macrophages, which was significantly impaired due to the deficiency of CLRs including Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, as well as their downstream mediators Syk and Fc-receptor gamma-chain (FcRγ). Furthermore, BLNK is induced to be interacted with casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), which is completely dependent on the engagement of Dectin-1 and Dectin-2. Notably, BLNK deficiency facilitates CLR-mediated recruitment of c-Cbl/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex to F-actin cytoskeleton, thereby promoting macrophage migration. Consequently, mice with monocyte-specific deficiency of BLNK are highly resistant to the infection with Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, through increasing the infiltration of Ly6C+macrophages into kidneys. Together, our data indicate that BLNK functions downstream of Syk-coupled CLRs to negatively regulate antifungal immunity against C. albicans infection. These findings unravel a previously unidentified role of BLNK that negatively regulates macrophage migration through inhibiting CLR-mediated recruitment of c-Cbl/PI3K complex to the cytoskeleton.

2023-11-07 | GSE246891 | GEO

Antifungal defense of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is mediated by blocking adhesion and nutrient depletion

Project description:Candida albicans is an inhabitant of mucosal surfaces in healthy humans but also the most common cause of fungal nosocomial blood stream infections, associated with high morbidity and mortality. As such life-threatening infections often disseminate from superficial mucosal infections we aimed to study the use of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in prevention of mucosal C. albicans infections. Here, we demonstrate that LGG protects oral epithelial tissue from damage caused by C. albicans in our in vitro model of oral candidiasis. Furthermore, we provide insights into the mechanisms behind this protection and dissect direct and indirect effects of LGG on C. albicans pathogenicity. C. albicans viability was not affected by LGG. Instead, transcriptional profiling using RNA-Seq indicated dramatic metabolic reprogramming of C. albicans. Additionally, LGG had a significant impact on major virulence attributes, including adhesion, invasion, and hyphal extension, whose reduction, consequently, prevented epithelial damage. This was accompanied by glucose depletion and repression of ergosterol synthesis, caused by LGG, but also due to blocked adhesion sites. Therefore, LGG protects oral epithelia against C. albicans infection by preventing fungal adhesion, invasion and damage, driven, at least in parts, by metabolic reprogramming due to nutrient limitation caused by LGG.

2017-09-14 | GSE97755 | GEO

Vav proteins are key regulators of Card9 signaling for innate antifungal immunity

Project description:Fungal infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The innate immune system senses fungal pathogens through a family of Syk-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which signal through the conserved immune adapter Card9. Although Card9 complexes are essential for antifungal defense in humans and mice, the mechanisms that couple CLR-proximal events to Card9 control are not well defined. Here, using a proteomic approach, we identified Vav proteins as key activators of the Card9 pathway. Vav1, Vav2 and Vav3 cooperate downstream of Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and Mincle to selectively engage Card9 for NF-κB control and proinflammatory gene transcription but are not involved in MAPK activation. Although Vav family members show functional redundancy, Vav1/2/3 triple-deficient cells are severely impaired for NF-κB and cytokine responses upon stimulation with CLR agonists or hyphae, and Vav1/2/3-/- mice phenocopy Card9-/- animals with extreme susceptibility to fungi and rapid mortality upon Candida albicans infection. In this context, Vav3 is the single most important Vav in mice, and a polymorphism in human VAV3 is associated with susceptibility to candidemia in patients. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism for CLR-mediated Card9 regulation that controls innate immunity to fungal infections.

2017-02-10 | GSE83736 | GEO

F1Fo-ATP synthase subunit determines lethal infection in pathogenic fungi

Project description:Fungal infections, especially for candidiasis and aspergillosis, claim an unacceptably high fatality. However, the determining mechanism that promote fungal lethal infections are still elusive. The energy ATP necessary for fungal cell growth and function is synthesized mainly through oxidative phosphorylation, whose key enzyme is F1Fo-ATP synthase. Nonetheless, it remians unknown how this enzyme affects fungal pathogenicity. Here we show that F1Fo-ATP synthase subunit deletion completely abrogates C. albicans lethal infection rather than leading to remarkable intracellular ATP concentration and growth defect. Mechanically, subunit deletion reduces PFK1 activity via interrupting PFK1 phosphorylation to trigger its conformational change, decreases downstream FBP level, blocks Ras1-dependent and -independent cAMP-PKA pathway, and curtails virulence factors. Based on these findings, we engineer a small molecule compound aimed at subunit that effectively protects mice from succumbing to invasive candidiasis. In summary, our findings reveal that F1Fo-ATP synthase δ subunit determines the lethal infection of pathogenic fungi and represents a potential new therapeutic target.

2021-09-16 | PXD024729 | Pride

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of human PBMCs stimulated with Candida albicans and non-fungal inflammatory stimuli

2014-05-01 | GSE42606 | GEO

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of human PBMCs stimulated with Candida albicans and non-fungal inflammatory stimuli

Project description:Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen causing mucosal and systemic infections, but human anti-fungal immunity remains poorly defined. Expression profiling of Candida-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) provides new insights into Candida-specific host defense mechanisms in humans. Total RNA was extracted from PBMCs from healthy human volunteers. PBMCs were stimulated with heat-killed Candida albicans (10^6/ml), non-fungal inflammatory stimuli or RPMI control for 4 or 24 hours. A large number of biological replicates (>20) were included per stimulation condition and duration.

2014-05-01 | E-GEOD-42606 | biostudies-arrayexpress

F1Fo-ATP synthase subunit determines lethal pathogenic fungi infection

Project description:Fungal infections, especially candidiasis and aspergillosis, claim an unacceptably high fatality rate. The energy ATP that is necessary for fungal cell growth and function is synthesized mainly through oxidative phosphorylation, with the key enzyme being F1Fo-ATP synthase. But it remains unknown how this enzyme affects fungal pathogenicity. Here, we show that F1Fo-ATP synthase δ subunit deletion abrogates lethal Candida albicans infection without affecting intracellular ATP concentrations or growth. Mechanistically, δ subunit deletion reduces Pfk1 activity by interrupting Pfk1 phosphorylation to trigger its conformation shifts, decreases downstream FBP level, blocks Ras1-dependent and -independent cAMP-PKA pathways, and curtails virulence factors. Based on these findings, we engineer a small molecule compound targeting δ subunit that effectively protects mice from succumbing to invasive candidiasis. In summary, our findings reveal that F1Fo-ATP synthase δ subunit determines lethal infection from pathogenic fungi and represents a potential therapeutic target.

2021-10-08 | MTBLS3332 | MetaboLights

The protective effect of inflammatory monocytes during systemic C. albicans infection is dependent on collaboration between C-type lectin-like receptors

Project description:Invasive candidiasis, mainly caused by Candida albicans, is a serious healthcare problem with high mortality rates, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Innate immune cells express pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) that bind C. albicans to initiate an immune response. Multiple CLRs including Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and Mincle have been proposed individually to contribute to the immune response to C. albicans. However how these receptors collaborate to clear a fungal infection is unknown. Herein, we used novel multi-CLR knockout (KO) mice to decipher the individual, collaborative and collective roles of Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and Mincle during systemic C. albicans infection. These studies revealed an unappreciated and profound role for CLR co-operation in anti-fungal immunity. The protective effect of multiple CLRs was markedly greater than any single receptor, and was mediated through inflammatory monocytes via recognition and phagocytosis of C. albicans, and production of C. albicans-induced cytokines and chemokines. These CLRs were dispensable for mediating similar responses from neutrophils, likely due to lower expression of these CLRs on neutrophils compared to inflammatory monocytes. Concurrent deletion of Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, or all three CLRs, resulted in dramatically increased susceptibility to systemic C. albicans infection compared to mice lacking a single CLR. Multi-CLR KO mice were unable to control fungal growth due to an inadequate early inflammatory monocyte-mediated response. In response to excessive fungal growth, the multi-CLR KO mice mounted a hyper-inflammatory response, likely leading to multiple organ failure. Thus, these data reveal a critical role for CLR co-operation in the effective control of C. albicans and maintenance of organ function during infection.

2019-06-20 | E-MTAB-8030 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA abundance in wild-type and rtt109 -/- Candida albicans, with and without peroxide stress

Project description:Candida albicans is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that is the most prevalent cause of hospital-acquired fungal infections. In mammalian hosts, C. albicans is engulfed by phagocytes that attack the pathogen with DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56) by the fungal-specific histone acetyltransferase Rtt109 is important for yeast model organisms to survive DNA damage and maintain genome integrity. To assess the importance of Rtt109 for C. albicans pathogenicity, we deleted the predicted homologue of Rtt109 in the clinical C. albicans isolate, SC5314. C. albicans rtt109 -/- mutant cells lack acetylated H3K56 (H3K56ac) and are hypersensitive to genotoxic agents. Additionally, rtt109 -/- mutant cells constitutively display increased H2A S129 phosphorylation and elevated DNA repair gene expression, consistent with endogenous DNA damage.

2010-01-04 | GSE18936 | GEO

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