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Ubiquitin mediated intracellular trafficking is required for Jam-C function

ABSTRACT: Endothelial cells form a barrier between the components present in the blood and the underlying tissue. Essential to formation of this barrier are junctional complexes present between cells. These complexes are dynamic, tightly regulated and remodel during key physiological processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis and development to allow passage of molecules, cells and movement of endothelial cells. One such junctional protein, Jam-C, is involved in the pathology of a number of inflammatory disease states and its inhibition in vitro and in vivo results in aberrant forms of leukocyte migration, dysregulated angiogenesis and inhibition of cell migration. Intracellular trafficking has been shown to be a general means of regulating the function of junctional proteins but its role in Jam-C function is unclear. Using a combination of receptor mutagenesis, HRP and APEX-2 proximity labelling alongside light and electron microscopy, we here characterise the dynamics and route of Jam-C trafficking. Rather than trafficking with junctional proteins associated with the inflammatory process, Jam-C co-traffics with receptors associated with changes in permeability such as VE-Cadherin, NRP-1 and 2. We show that Jam-C becomes ubiquitylated by the E-3 ligase CBL and that this post translational modification controls the likelihood of its degradation in the lysosomes or its recycling back to the cell surface. Finally, we show that Jam-C trafficking is essential for some of the endothelial functions of Jam-C.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Umbilical Artery Endothelial Cell, Endothelial Cell

SUBMITTER: Vinothini Rajeeve

LAB HEAD: Dr Pedro Cutillas

PROVIDER: PXD013003 | Pride | 2019-11-06

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Angiogenesis is a complex multicellular process requiring the orchestration of many events including migration, alignment, proliferation, lumen formation, remodeling, and maturation. Such complexity indicates that not only individual genes but also entire signaling pathways will be crucial in angiogenesis. To define an angiogenic blueprint of regulated genes, we utilized our well-characterized three-dimensional collagen gel model of in vitro angiogenesis, in which the majority of cells synchronously progress through defined morphological stages culminating in the formation of capillary tubes. We developed a comprehensive three-tiered approach using microarray analysis, which allowed us to identify genes known to be involved in angiogenesis and genes hitherto unlinked to angiogenesis as well as novel genes and has proven especially useful for genes where the magnitude of change is small. From a screen of miRNAs altered in in vitro angiogenesis we selected a subset that are predicted to target junctional molecules. MiR-27a, was rapidly downregulated upon stimulation of in vitro angiogenesis and its level of expression is reduced in neo-vessels in vivo. The downregulation of miR-27a was essential for angiogenesis since ectopic expression of miR-27a blocked capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. MiR-27a targets the junctional, endothelial specific cadherin, VE-cadherin. Consistent with this, vascular permeability to VEGF in mice is reduced by administration of a general miR-27 inhibitor. To determine that VE-cadherin was the dominant target of miR-27a function we used a novel technology with M-bM-^@M-^\BlockmirsM-bM-^@M-^], inhibitors that bind to the miR-27 binding site in VE-cadherin. The Blockmir CD5-2 demonstrated specificity for VE-cadherin and inhibited vascular leak in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore CD5-2 reduced oedema, increased capillary density and potently enhanced recovery form ischemic limb injury in mice. The Blockmir technology offers a refinement in the use of miRNAs especially for therapy. Further, targeting of endothelial junctional molecules by miRNAs has clinical potential especially in diseases associated with vascular leak. A microRNA microarray was performed to investigate miRNAs that were regulated during capillary tube formation and which could potentially be used as an M-bM-^@M-^XangiogenicM-bM-^@M-^Y miRNA profile. RNA was isolated from cells harvested at specific time points, previously identified as stages where major morphological changes are taking place18. These include 0.5 hour (invasion), 3 hours (migration), 6 hours (vacuole coalescence and lumen formation), 12 hours (lumen formation) and 24 hours (tube maturation).

Project description:Angiogenesis is a complex multicellular process requiring the orchestration of many events including migration, alignment, proliferation, lumen formation, remodeling, and maturation. Such complexity indicates that not only individual genes but also entire signaling pathways will be crucial in angiogenesis. To define an angiogenic blueprint of regulated genes, we utilized our well-characterized three-dimensional collagen gel model of in vitro angiogenesis, in which the majority of cells synchronously progress through defined morphological stages culminating in the formation of capillary tubes. We developed a comprehensive three-tiered approach using microarray analysis, which allowed us to identify genes known to be involved in angiogenesis and genes hitherto unlinked to angiogenesis as well as novel genes and has proven especially useful for genes where the magnitude of change is small. From a screen of miRNAs altered in in vitro angiogenesis we selected a subset that are predicted to target junctional molecules. MiR-27a, was rapidly downregulated upon stimulation of in vitro angiogenesis and its level of expression is reduced in neo-vessels in vivo. The downregulation of miR-27a was essential for angiogenesis since ectopic expression of miR-27a blocked capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. MiR-27a targets the junctional, endothelial specific cadherin, VE-cadherin. Consistent with this, vascular permeability to VEGF in mice is reduced by administration of a general miR-27 inhibitor. To determine that VE-cadherin was the dominant target of miR-27a function we used a novel technology with “Blockmirs”, inhibitors that bind to the miR-27 binding site in VE-cadherin. The Blockmir CD5-2 demonstrated specificity for VE-cadherin and inhibited vascular leak in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore CD5-2 reduced oedema, increased capillary density and potently enhanced recovery form ischemic limb injury in mice. The Blockmir technology offers a refinement in the use of miRNAs especially for therapy. Further, targeting of endothelial junctional molecules by miRNAs has clinical potential especially in diseases associated with vascular leak.

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Ubiquitin mediated intracellular trafficking is required for Jam-C function

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