Identification of MRCKA as an integral component of ovarian cancer signaling and a therapeutic target
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive
ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)
TISSUE(S): Cell Culture
DISEASE(S): Malignant Neoplasm Of Ovary
SUBMITTER: 
James Duncan
LAB HEAD: James Stuart Duncan
PROVIDER: PXD015781 | Pride | 2020-02-19
REPOSITORIES: Pride
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Project description:High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer with few effective targeted therapies. HGSOC tumors exhibit genomic instability with frequent alterations in the protein kinome; however, only a small fraction of the kinome has been therapeutically targeted in HGSOC. Using multiplexed inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (MIB-MS), we mapped the kinome landscape of HGSOC patient tumors and tumors isolated from HGSOC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Kinome profiling of HGSOC tumors uncovered a prevalent MIB-MS kinome signature consisting of established HGSOC driver kinases, as well as several kinases previously unexplored in HGSOC. Loss-of-function analysis targeting the tumor kinome signature in HGSOC cells nominated CDC42BPA (also known as MRCKA) as a putative therapeutic target. Characterization of MRCKA knockdown in established HGSOC cell lines demonstrated MRCKA was integral to signaling that regulated the cell cycle checkpoint and focal adhesion/ actin remodeling, and depletion of MRCKA impaired cell migration, proliferation and survival. Moreover, small molecule inhibition of MRCKA using BDP9066 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in HGSOC cells, as well as blocked spheroid formation, supporting MRCKA as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HGSOC.
2020-02-19 | PXD015783 | Pride
Project description:High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer with few effective targeted therapies. HGSOC tumors exhibit genomic instability with frequent alterations in the protein kinome; however, only a small fraction of the kinome has been therapeutically targeted in HGSOC. Using multiplexed inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (MIB-MS), we mapped the kinome landscape of HGSOC patient tumors and tumors isolated from HGSOC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Kinome profiling of HGSOC tumors uncovered a prevalent MIB-MS kinome signature consisting of established HGSOC driver kinases, as well as several kinases previously unexplored in HGSOC. Loss-of-function analysis targeting the tumor kinome signature in HGSOC cells nominated CDC42BPA (also known as MRCKA) as a putative therapeutic target. Characterization of MRCKA knockdown in established HGSOC cell lines demonstrated MRCKA was integral to signaling that regulated the cell cycle checkpoint and focal adhesion/ actin remodeling, and depletion of MRCKA impaired cell migration, proliferation and survival. Moreover, small molecule inhibition of MRCKA using BDP9066 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in HGSOC cells, as well as blocked spheroid formation, supporting MRCKA as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HGSOC.
2020-02-19 | PXD015849 | Pride
Project description:Protein kinases (collectively termed the kinome) represent one of the most tractable drug targets in the pursuit of new and effective cancer treatments. However, less than 20% of the kinome is currently being explored as primary targets for cancer therapy, leaving the majority of the kinome untargeted for drug therapy. Chemical proteomics approaches such as Multiplexed Inhibitor Beads and Mass Spectrometry (MIB-MS) have been developed that measure the abundance of a significant proportion of the kinome, providing a strategy to interrogate kinome landscapes and dynamics. Kinome profiling of cancer cell lines using MIB-MS has been extensively characterized, however, the application of this method to measure tissue kinome(s) has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we present a quantitative proteomics workflow specifically designed for kinome profiling of tissues that pairs MIB-MS with a newly designed s-SILAC kinome standard. Using this workflow, we mapped the kinome landscape of endometrial carcinoma (EC) tumors and normal endometrial (NE) tissues and identified several kinases overexpressed in EC tumors, including Serine/Arginine-Rich Splicing Factor kinase, (SRPK1). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of EC tumor TMAs confirmed MIB-MS findings and showed SRPK1 protein levels were highly expressed in endometrioid and uterine serous cancer (USC) histological subtypes. Querying large-scale genomics studies of EC tumors revealed high expression of SRPK1 correlated with poor survival. Inhibition of SRPK1 in USC cells altered mRNA splicing, downregulating several oncogenes including MYC and Survivin resulting in apoptosis. Taken together, we present a SILAC-based MIB-MS kinome profiling platform for measuring kinase abundance in tumor tissues, and demonstrate its application to identify SRPK1 as a plausible kinase drug target for the treatment of EC.
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Project description:High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer with few effective targeted therapies. HGSOC tumors exhibit genomic instability with frequent alterations in the protein kinome; however, only a small fraction of the kinome has been therapeutically targeted in HGSOC. Using multiplexed inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (MIB-MS), we mapped the kinome landscape of HGSOC patient tumors and tumors isolated from HGSOC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Kinome profiling of HGSOC tumors uncovered a prevalent MIB-MS kinome signature consisting of established HGSOC driver kinases, as well as several kinases previously unexplored in HGSOC. Loss-of-function analysis targeting the tumor kinome signature in HGSOC cells nominated CDC42BPA (also known as MRCKA) as a putative therapeutic target. Characterization of MRCKA knockdown in established HGSOC cell lines demonstrated MRCKA was integral to signaling that regulated the cell cycle checkpoint and focal adhesion/ actin remodeling, and depletion of MRCKA impaired cell migration, proliferation and survival. Moreover, small molecule inhibition of MRCKA using BDP9066 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in HGSOC cells, as well as blocked spheroid formation, supporting MRCKA as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HGSOC.
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Project description:Purpose: Management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been revolutionized by the identification of activating mutations in KIT and PDGFRA and the clinical application of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors in the advanced disease setting. Stratification of GIST into molecularly defined subsets provides insight into clinical behavior and response to approved targeted therapies. Although these RTK inhibitors are effective in the majority of GIST, resistance to these agents remains a significant clinical obstacle. Development of effective treatment strategies for refractory GIST requires identification of novel targets to provide additional therapeutic options. Global kinome profiling has the potential to identify critical signaling networks and reveal protein kinases that are essential in GIST. Experimental Design: Using Multiplexed Inhibitor Beads and Mass Spectrometry paired with a super-SILAC kinome standard, we explored the majority of the kinome in GIST specimens from three GIST subtypes (KIT-mutant, PDGFRA-mutant and succinate dehydrogenase-deficient GIST) to identify novel kinase targets. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the utility of targeting the identified kinases in GIST. Results: Kinome profiling revealed distinct signatures in three GIST subtypes. PDGFRA-mutant GIST had elevated tumor associated macrophage (TAM) kinases and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed increased TAMs present in these tumors. Kinome profiling with loss-of-function assays revealed a significant role for G2-M tyrosine kinase, Wee1, in GIST survival. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed significant efficacy of MK-1775 (Wee1 inhibitor) in combination with avapritinib in both KIT and PDGFRA-mutant GIST cell lines, as well as notable efficacy of MK-1775 as a single agent in the PDGFRA-mutant line. Conclusions: These studies provide strong preclinical justification for the use of MK-1775 in GIST.
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Project description:Since loss of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene results in p21-activated kinase (Pak) activation, PAK inhibitors hold promise for the treatment of NF2-deficient tumors. To test this possibility, we asked if loss of Pak2, a highly expressed group I PAK member, affects the development of malignant mesothelioma in Nf2;Cdkn2a-deficient (NC) mice and the growth properties of NC mesothelioma cells in culture. In vivo, deletion of Pak2 resulted in a markedly decreased incidence and delayed onset of both pleural and peritoneal malignant mesotheliomas in NC mice. In vitro, Pak2 deletion decreased malignant mesothelioma cell viability, migration, clonogenicity, and spheroid formation. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated downregulated expression of Hedgehog and Wnt pathway genes in NC;Pak2-/- mesothelioma cells versus NC;Pak2+/+ mesothelioma cells. Targeting of the Hedgehog signaling component Gli1 or its target gene Myc inhibited cell viability and spheroid formation in NC;P+/+ mesothelioma cells. Kinome profiling uncovered kinase changes indicative of EMT in NC;Pak2-/- mesothelioma cells, suggesting that Pak2-deficient malignant mesotheliomas can adapt by reprogramming their kinome in the absence of Pak activity. The identification of such compensatory pathways offers opportunities for rational combination therapies to circumvent resistance to anti-PAK drugs.
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Project description:Host kinases play essential roles in the host cell cycle, innate immune signaling, the stress response to viral infection, and inflammation. Previous work has demonstrated coronaviruses specifically target kinase cascades to subvert host cell responses to infection and rely upon host kinase activity to phosphorylate viral proteins to enhance replication. Given the number of kinase inhibitors that are already FDA approved to treat cancers, fibrosis, and other human disease, they represent an attractive class of compounds to repurpose for host targeted therapies against emerging coronavirus infections. To further understand the host kinome response to betacoronavirus infection we employed multiplex inhibitory bead mass spectrometry (MIB-MS) following MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lung epithelial cell lines. Our MIB-MS analyses revealed activation of mTOR and MAPK signaling following MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively.
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Project description:Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common autosomal dominant disorder, affecting 1 in 3,500 individuals worldwide and predisposing to cancer. Germline mutations in the NF1 gene, encoding the p21Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) neurofibromin, are the underlying cause for NF1. Somatic inactivation of the wild type copy of NF1 leads to deregulated Ras signaling. Clinical manifestations are diverse for NF1 patients, but the predominant lesions are plexiform neurofibroma (PNF), arising from the Schwann cell (SC) lineage. While PNF are generally benign, approximately 10% of patients will experience PN progression to highly aggressive malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) with poor prognosis. There are currently no approved targeted therapies for PNF or MPNST. In this study, we used a conditional mouse model of NF1, test the multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, cabozantinib (XL184). Mice were treated with vehicle or with cabozantinib for 3 or 7 days. Tissue was harvested, lysates prepared, and the lysate was used for kinome profiling. From cell lines or tumor tissue, protein lysates are prepared and passed over an affinity matrix consisting of Sepharose beads covalently coupled to a mixture of linker-adapted Type I kinase inhibitors. Kinase capture is reproducible and is a function of affinity for kinases for the immobilized inhibitors, expression level of the kinase, as well as the activation state of the kinase. Following affinity purification, kinases are identified and their multiplexed kinase inhibitor bead binding quantified by mass spectrometry (MIB/MS). Our goal is to identify the kinome changes in NF1 plexiform neurofibroma induced by cabozantinib treatment.
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2020-11-19 | PXD019138 | Pride
Project description:Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is heterogeneous with patients exhibiting at least two molecular subtypes, basal-like (BL) and claudin-low (CL). MEK inhibitor (MEKi) treatment of BL and CL cell lines and mouse model tumors induced subtype-specific alterations in overall kinome activity referred to as protein kinase reprogramming. BL- and CL-specific reprogramming involving increases in receptor tyrosine kinases was also seen in TNBC patients comparing tumor samples before and after a one week treatment with the MEKi, trametinib. Combination of kinase inhibitors targeted to the BL and CL reprogrammed signatures would need to be individually selected due to the heterogeneous resiliency of BL and CL kinomes. To overcome this “reprogramming dilemma” we targeted the transcriptional co-activator BRD4 with BET bromodomain inhibitors, JQI and IBET151; both strongly inhibited kinome reprogramming and onset of MEKi resistance in BL and CL cells. Targeting chromatin modifiers may therapeutically block resistance due to kinome reprogramming.BL and CL TNBC are commonly treated as a single disease despite genomic studies showing they represent distinct molecular subtypes1. Recent Cancer Genome Atlas data demonstrated that the 518 protein kinases in the human genome (the kinome) were infrequently mutated in BL breast cancer; however, EGFR, KRAS and BRAF were amplified in 22, 32 and 31% of BL tumors, respectively. These findings are consistent with frequent activation of the BRAF-MEK-ERK pathway in TNBC2,3 and inhibitors targeting kinases in this pathway are currently in clinical trials for TNBC. As single agents, targeted kinase inhibitors generally fail to sustain durable responses when used to treat a range of human cancers including TNBC4-6. Onset of kinase inhibitor resistance can be due to selection of mutations in the targeted kinase7,8, activating mutations or amplification of RAS or downstream kinases9,10 or kinome reprogramming, a process in which there are system-wide changes in kinase networks11-13. Each of these resistance mechanisms allows the cancer cell to circumvent the targeted inhibition of specific kinases14. We previously developed chemical, proteomic methods that assay the activation state of protein kinases en masse15,16. Our methods utilize ¬Multiplexed Inhibitor Beads (MIBs), mixtures of covalently immobilized, linker adapted, kinase inhibitors. The immobilized inhibitors are primarily type I kinase inhibitors that preferentially bind activated (versus inactive) kinase17. Kinase capture is highly reproducible and is a function of kinase affinity for different immobilized inhibitors as well as the kinase activation state. Activated kinases preferentially bind, inactive kinases do not. By coupling MIB capture with mass spectrometry (MIB/MS), the technique allows quantitative interrogation of hundreds of kinases in a single mass spectrometry run. This also interrogates kinases known by sequence but which have been understudied due to lack of reagents such as specific phospho-antibodies. We report here both in preclinical models and patients that BL and CL TNBC have different baseline kinome activation states and both respond differently to MEKi with subtype-specific tyrosine kinase reprogramming. To avoid treatment strategy that uses multiple kinase inhibitors in individual patients, we discovered a novel pharmacologic strategy to block the initial reprogramming response to MEKi involving inhibition of epigenetic processes.
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